diff --git a/src/features/debugger/__tests__/runOrigin.test.ts b/src/features/debugger/__tests__/runOrigin.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f108bf1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/features/debugger/__tests__/runOrigin.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import { beforeEach, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { executeAction, registerActions } from "@/platform/actions";
+import { useProject } from "@/platform/project";
+import {
+  provideNotificationService,
+  provideToolWindowService,
+  useDebugRunSessions,
+  type ToolWindowService,
+} from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import type { RunConfig } from "@/platform/ipc";
+import { registerDebugActions } from "../actions";
+import { adoptSession, publishContext, rerunSession, useDebug } from "../state";
+
+const ipc = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  javaDebugServer: vi.fn(async () => ({ status: "ok", data: 5005 })),
+  debugStart: vi.fn(async () => ({ status: "ok", data: 42 })),
+  debugStop: vi.fn(async () => ({ status: "ok", data: null })),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/platform/ipc", async (original) => {
+  const real = await original<typeof import("@/platform/ipc")>();
+  return { ...real, isTauri: () => true, commands: { ...real.commands, ...ipc } };
+});
+const config: RunConfig = {
+  id: "node:server",
+  name: "server",
+  kind: "node",
+  command: "node",
+  args: ["server.js"],
+  cwd: null,
+  env: {},
+  detected: true,
+  isTest: false,
+  debugAdapter: "js-debug",
+};
+beforeEach(() => {
+  useDebug.setState({ sessions: {}, active: null, console: {} });
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [] });
+  useProject.setState({ project: { root: "/p" } as never });
+  provideNotificationService({ notify: vi.fn() });
+  provideToolWindowService({ show: vi.fn() } as unknown as ToolWindowService);
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
+
+it("keeps the RunConfig through debug.startConfig and reruns through its debug preparation", async () => {
+  const dispose = registerDebugActions();
+  const restart = vi.fn();
+  const unregister = registerActions([{ id: "run.debugConfig", title: "Debug", run: ({ arg }) => restart(arg) }]);
+  try {
+    await executeAction("debug.startConfig", config);
+    const session = useDebug.getState().sessions[42]!;
+    expect(session.runConfig).toEqual(config);
+    expect(session.startedAt).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions[0]?.configId).toBe(config.id);
+    await rerunSession(42);
+    expect(ipc.debugStop).toHaveBeenCalledWith(42);
+    expect(restart).toHaveBeenCalledWith(config);
+  } finally {
+    dispose();
+    unregister();
+  }
+});
+
+it("preserves the source configuration for a separately built debug binary", async () => {
+  const dispose = registerDebugActions();
+  try {
+    await executeAction("debug.startConfig", { config, origin: { ...config, id: "source:server" } });
+    expect(useDebug.getState().sessions[42]?.runConfig?.id).toBe("source:server");
+  } finally {
+    dispose();
+  }
+});
+
+it("keeps the originating JVM configuration when attaching to its build process", async () => {
+  const dispose = registerDebugActions();
+  try {
+    await executeAction("debug.attach", {
+      name: "server",
+      module: "",
+      hostName: "127.0.0.1",
+      port: 5005,
+      process: 7,
+      runConfig: config,
+    });
+    expect(useDebug.getState().sessions[42]).toMatchObject({ runConfig: config, process: 7, launch: null });
+    expect(useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions[0]?.rerun).toBeTypeOf("function");
+  } finally {
+    dispose();
+  }
+});
+
+it("exposes a paused child through its originating root rather than the active unrelated session", () => {
+  adoptSession(1, { runConfig: config });
+  adoptSession(2, { parent: 1, status: "paused", stoppedThread: 1 });
+  adoptSession(3, { runConfig: { ...config, id: "other" } });
+  useDebug.setState({ active: 3 });
+  publishContext();
+  const roots = useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions;
+  expect(roots.map((s) => [s.configId, s.paused])).toEqual([
+    [config.id, true],
+    ["other", false],
+  ]);
+  roots[0]!.resume();
+  expect(useDebug.getState().active).toBe(2);
+});
diff --git a/src/features/debugger/actions.ts b/src/features/debugger/actions.ts
index 88338717c..d40740b5f 100644
--- a/src/features/debugger/actions.ts
+++ b/src/features/debugger/actions.ts
@@ -211,17 +211,19 @@ async function startRemote(config: RunConfig, root: string) {
     }
     const launch = await javaAttachConfig({ name: config.name, module: t.module, hostName, port }, root);
     // A listen relay accepts one debugger: rerunning listens again through the configuration.
-    await startSession(launch, { rerunnable: t.mode === "attach" });
+    await startSession(launch, { runConfig: config, rerunnable: t.mode === "attach" });
     return;
   }
   const launch = remoteAttachConfig(config, root);
-  if (launch) await startSession(launch);
+  if (launch) await startSession(launch, { runConfig: config });
 }
 
 async function startConfig(arg: unknown) {
   const root = useProject.getState().project?.root;
   if (!root) return;
-  let config: RunConfig | null = isRunConfig(arg) ? arg : null;
+  const origin = arg && typeof arg === "object" && "origin" in arg && isRunConfig(arg.origin) ? arg.origin : null;
+  const input = arg && typeof arg === "object" && "config" in arg ? arg.config : arg;
+  let config: RunConfig | null = isRunConfig(input) ? input : null;
   if (!config) {
     if (!isTauri()) {
       notifications().notify({ group: "run", level: "warning", title: "Debugging needs the desktop app" });
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ async function startConfig(arg: unknown) {
     await maybeEditorService()
       ?.saveAll()
       .catch(() => undefined);
-    await startSession(await javaLaunchConfig(config, root));
+    await startSession(await javaLaunchConfig(config, root), { runConfig: origin ?? config });
     return;
   }
   const launch = launchConfigFor(config, root);
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ async function startConfig(arg: unknown) {
   await maybeEditorService()
     ?.saveAll()
     .catch(() => undefined);
-  await startSession(launch);
+  await startSession(launch, { runConfig: origin ?? config });
 }
 
 export function registerDebugActions(): () => void {
@@ -312,7 +314,11 @@ export function registerDebugActions(): () => void {
             const root = useProject.getState().project?.root;
             if (!root || !isJavaAttachTarget(arg)) return;
             const launch = await javaAttachConfig(arg, root);
-            await startSession(launch, { process: (arg.process ?? null) as RunId | null, rerunnable: false });
+            await startSession(launch, {
+              process: (arg.process ?? null) as RunId | null,
+              runConfig: arg.runConfig,
+              rerunnable: false,
+            });
           })(),
         ),
     },
diff --git a/src/features/debugger/java.ts b/src/features/debugger/java.ts
index d5b3d45b7..5f5f93c4f 100644
--- a/src/features/debugger/java.ts
+++ b/src/features/debugger/java.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ export interface JavaAttachTarget {
   port: number;
 }
 
-export function isJavaAttachTarget(arg: unknown): arg is JavaAttachTarget & { process?: number | null } {
+export function isJavaAttachTarget(
+  arg: unknown,
+): arg is JavaAttachTarget & { process?: number | null; runConfig?: RunConfig } {
   return !!arg && typeof arg === "object" && "port" in arg && typeof (arg as { port: unknown }).port === "number";
 }
 
diff --git a/src/features/debugger/state.ts b/src/features/debugger/state.ts
index 336c9eb56..59e5f9888 100644
--- a/src/features/debugger/state.ts
+++ b/src/features/debugger/state.ts
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ import {
   type DebugSessionId,
   type LaunchConfig,
   type RunId,
+  type RunConfig,
   type StackFrame,
   type ThreadInfo,
   type Variable,
 } from "@/platform/ipc";
-import { maybeEditorService, notifications, toolWindowService } from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import { maybeEditorService, notifications, toolWindowService, useDebugRunSessions } from "@/workbench/contributions";
 import { breakpointsOf, consumeTemporary, refreshStates, resetStatuses } from "./breakpoints/store";
 import { interpolateLog, logParts, suspends } from "./breakpoints/model";
 import { syncSpecial, useSpecialBreakpoints } from "./breakpoints/special";
@@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ export type SessionStatus = "starting" | "running" | "paused" | "terminated";
 export interface DebugSession {
   id: DebugSessionId;
   name: string;
+  /** Originating configuration, retained for toolbar targeting and prepared debug reruns. */
+  runConfig?: RunConfig;
+  startedAt?: number;
   adapter: string;
   parent: DebugSessionId | null;
   /** Launch configuration (root sessions), used by Rerun. */
@@ -136,6 +140,7 @@ function blank(id: DebugSessionId, p: Partial<DebugSession> = {}): DebugSession
   return {
     id,
     name: "Debug",
+    startedAt: Date.now(),
     adapter: "",
     parent: null,
     launch: null,
@@ -211,10 +216,32 @@ function settleStart(id: DebugSessionId | null) {
 
 export function publishContext() {
   const s = activeSession();
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({
+    sessions: Object.values(useDebug.getState().sessions)
+      .filter((session) => session.parent == null && isLive(session))
+      .map((session) => {
+        const paused = Object.values(useDebug.getState().sessions).find(
+          (child) => child.status === "paused" && rootOf(child).id === session.id,
+        );
+        return {
+          id: session.id,
+          configId: session.runConfig?.id ?? null,
+          name: session.runConfig?.name ?? session.name,
+          startedAt: session.startedAt ?? 0,
+          paused: !!paused,
+          rerun: session.runConfig || session.launch ? () => void rerunSession(session.id) : null,
+          stop: () => void stopSession(session.id),
+          resume: () => {
+            selectSession(paused?.id ?? session.id);
+            void executeAction("debug.resume");
+          },
+        };
+      }),
+  });
   const anyLive = Object.values(useDebug.getState().sessions).some(isLive);
   setContext("debugSessionActive", anyLive);
   setContext("debugSessionPaused", s?.status === "paused");
-  setContext("debugCanRerun", !!s && !!rootOf(s).launch);
+  setContext("debugCanRerun", !!s && !!(rootOf(s).runConfig || rootOf(s).launch));
   setContext(
     "debugCanHotSwap",
     Object.values(useDebug.getState().sessions).some((x) => isLive(x) && !!x.caps?.hotCodeReplace),
@@ -253,6 +280,7 @@ export function clearConsole(session: DebugSessionId) {
 export async function startSession(
   launch: LaunchConfig,
   options: {
+    runConfig?: RunConfig;
     /** A process started for this session (e.g. Maven with a JDWP agent): Stop ends it too. */
     process?: RunId | null;
     /** Rerun repeats the launch (false for attaching to a process that is gone afterwards). */
@@ -275,6 +303,7 @@ export async function startSession(
   } catch {
     // Workbench not ready (tests).
   }
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
   pendingStarts++;
   try {
     const id = await call(commands.debugStart(launch));
@@ -287,6 +316,8 @@ export async function startSession(
           [id]: {
             ...cur,
             name: launch.name,
+            runConfig: options.runConfig,
+            startedAt,
             adapter: launch.adapter,
             launch: options.rerunnable === false ? null : launch,
             process: options.process ?? null,
@@ -353,6 +384,11 @@ export async function rerunSession(id: DebugSessionId) {
   const s = useDebug.getState().sessions[id];
   if (!s) return;
   const root = rootOf(s);
+  if (root.runConfig) {
+    if (isLive(root)) await stopSession(root.id);
+    await executeAction("run.debugConfig", root.runConfig);
+    return;
+  }
   const launch = root.launch;
   if (!launch) return;
   if (isLive(root)) await stopSession(root.id);
diff --git a/src/features/run/RunWidget.test.tsx b/src/features/run/RunWidget.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abd5fdea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/features/run/RunWidget.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { executeAction } from "@/platform/actions";
+import { setContext } from "@/platform/context";
+import type { RunConfig } from "@/platform/ipc";
+import { useDebugRunSessions, type DebugRunSession } from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import { applicationConfig } from "./application";
+import { activate } from "./index";
+import { RunWidget } from "./RunWidget";
+import { resetRuns, useRun, type RunSession } from "./store";
+import { selectedTarget } from "./sessionTargets";
+
+const config = (id: string): RunConfig => ({
+  id,
+  name: id,
+  kind: "shell",
+  command: "sleep",
+  args: ["60"],
+  cwd: null,
+  env: {},
+  detected: false,
+  isTest: false,
+  debugAdapter: null,
+});
+const app = config("SdCloudOaApplication");
+const npm = config("sdcloud-oa-vue3: npm run dev");
+const run = (c: RunConfig, startedAt = 1): RunSession => ({
+  id: c.id,
+  config: c,
+  runId: 1,
+  status: "running",
+  exitCode: null,
+  startedAt,
+  endedAt: null,
+  stdinClosed: false,
+});
+const debug = (c: RunConfig, startedAt = 2): DebugRunSession => ({
+  id: 1,
+  configId: c.id,
+  name: c.name,
+  startedAt,
+  paused: false,
+  rerun: vi.fn(),
+  stop: vi.fn(),
+  resume: vi.fn(),
+});
+let dispose: () => void;
+beforeEach(() => {
+  resetRuns();
+  useRun.setState({ configs: [app, npm], selectedId: app.id, loaded: true });
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [] });
+  setContext("projectOpen", true);
+  dispose = activate();
+});
+afterEach(() => {
+  cleanup();
+  dispose();
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [] });
+});
+
+it("reruns and stops the selected configuration among several running sessions", () => {
+  useRun.setState({ sessions: [run(app), run(npm, 3)] });
+  render(<RunWidget />);
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Rerun '${app.name}'` })).toBeTruthy();
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Stop '${app.name}'` }));
+  expect(useRun.getState().sessions.map((s) => !!s.stopped)).toEqual([true, false]);
+});
+
+it("offers Run/Debug for an idle selection and Stop for the other process", () => {
+  useRun.setState({ sessions: [run(npm)] });
+  render(<RunWidget />);
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Run '${app.name}'` })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Debug '${app.name}'` })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole("button", { name: /Rerun/ })).toBeNull();
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Stop '${npm.name}'` }));
+  expect(useRun.getState().sessions[0]?.stopped).toBe(true);
+});
+
+it("offers a stop list when the selection is idle and several other sessions run", () => {
+  useRun.setState({ sessions: [run(npm), run(config("other"))] });
+  render(<RunWidget />);
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Stop (2 running)" })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole("button", { name: /Rerun/ })).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it("targets the selected debug session while npm runs, through buttons and shortcut actions", async () => {
+  const session = debug(app);
+  useRun.setState({ sessions: [run(npm, 3)] });
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [session] });
+  render(<RunWidget />);
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Rerun '${app.name}'` }));
+  await vi.waitFor(() => expect(session.rerun).toHaveBeenCalledOnce());
+  await executeAction("run.run");
+  expect(session.rerun).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Stop '${app.name}'` }));
+  await executeAction("run.stop");
+  expect(session.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  expect(useRun.getState().sessions[0]?.stopped).toBeUndefined();
+});
+
+it("ignores an unrelated debug session for an idle selection", () => {
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [debug(npm)] });
+  render(<RunWidget />);
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: `Run '${app.name}'` })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole("button", { name: /Rerun/ })).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it.each([1, 3])("prefers the newest Run or Debug session of the same config (run start %s)", (startedAt) => {
+  expect(selectedTarget(app.id, [run(app, startedAt)], [debug(app, 2)])?.debug).toBe(startedAt < 2);
+});
+
+it("matches a detected Spring configuration after its object and id are regenerated", () => {
+  const detect = () =>
+    applicationConfig(
+      { className: "com.example.SdCloudOaApplication", spring: true },
+      "src/main/java/com/example/SdCloudOaApplication.java",
+    );
+  const original = detect();
+  const regenerated = detect();
+  expect(regenerated).not.toBe(original);
+  expect(regenerated.id).toBe(original.id);
+  expect(selectedTarget(regenerated.id, [run(original), run(npm)], [])?.name).toBe(original.name);
+});
diff --git a/src/features/run/RunWidget.tsx b/src/features/run/RunWidget.tsx
index 910af3594..bfb150cd8 100644
--- a/src/features/run/RunWidget.tsx
+++ b/src/features/run/RunWidget.tsx
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import { useRef, useState } from "react";
 import clsx from "clsx";
 import { BarButton, Icon, IconButton, Menu, type MenuItem } from "@/ui";
 import { executeAction } from "@/platform/actions";
-import { useContextKeys } from "@/platform/context";
 import { useTx } from "@/platform/i18n";
 import { shortcutLabel } from "@/platform/keymap";
-import { runExecutors, useRunExecutors } from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import { runExecutors, useRunExecutors, useDebugRunSessions } from "@/workbench/contributions";
 import { configIcon } from "./configs";
 import { useRemoteLabel } from "./remote";
-import { CURRENT_FILE, rerunSession, sessionsOf, startRun, stopSession, useRun } from "./store";
+import { CURRENT_FILE, useRun } from "./store";
+import { compoundTargets, selectedTarget } from "./sessionTargets";
 import { isDebugOnly } from "./types";
 import styles from "./Run.module.css";
 
@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ export function RunWidget() {
   // Remote JVM Debug and the like: only Debug applies, as in IDEA.
   const debugOnly = !!selected && isDebugOnly(selected);
   const running = sessions.filter((s) => s.status === "running" || s.status === "starting");
-  // A compound is running while any of its configurations is; Stop stops them all.
-  const compoundRunning = selected?.kind === "compound" ? sessionsOf(selected, running) : [];
-  const runningSelected = compoundRunning[0] ?? running.find((s) => s.config.id === selectedId) ?? null;
-  const target = runningSelected ?? running[running.length - 1] ?? null;
-  // Debug sessions belong to the debugger feature; like IDEA the widget offers their Rerun / Stop.
-  const debugging = useContextKeys((c) => !!c.debugSessionActive);
-  const canRerunDebug = useContextKeys((c) => !!c.debugCanRerun);
-  const debugPaused = useContextKeys((c) => !!c.debugSessionPaused);
-  const active = !!runningSelected || debugging;
+  const debug = useDebugRunSessions((s) => s.sessions);
+  const compoundRunning = compoundTargets(selected, running, debug);
+  const target = selectedTarget(selectedId, running, debug);
+  const debugging = !!target?.debug;
+  const active = !!target || compoundRunning.length > 0;
+  const count = running.length + debug.length;
+  const stopName = compoundRunning.length
+    ? selected?.name
+    : (target?.name ?? running[0]?.config.name ?? debug[0]?.name);
   const moreRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
   const [moreOpen, setMoreOpen] = useState(false);
   const executors = useRunExecutors((s) => s.executors);
@@ -80,43 +80,9 @@ export function RunWidget() {
         <Icon name="chevron-down" size={14} className={styles.widgetChevron} />
       </BarButton>
       <span className={styles.widgetButtons}>
-        {target ? (
+        {active ? (
           <>
-            <IconButton
-              icon="rerun-filled"
-              size="large"
-              iconSize={16}
-              className={clsx(styles.widgetButton, styles.widgetFilled, styles.widgetFilledRun)}
-              title={tx`Rerun '${compoundRunning.length && selected ? selected.name : target.config.name}'`}
-              shortcut={shortcutLabel("run.run")}
-              onClick={() => (compoundRunning.length && selected ? void startRun(selected) : rerunSession(target.id))}
-            />
-            <IconButton
-              icon="stop-filled"
-              size="large"
-              iconSize={16}
-              className={clsx(styles.widgetButton, styles.widgetFilled, styles.widgetFilledStop)}
-              title={
-                compoundRunning.length && selected
-                  ? tx`Stop '${selected.name}'`
-                  : running.length > 1
-                    ? tx`Stop (${running.length} running)`
-                    : tx`Stop '${target.config.name}'`
-              }
-              shortcut={shortcutLabel("run.stop")}
-              onClick={() =>
-                compoundRunning.length
-                  ? compoundRunning.forEach((s) => void stopSession(s.id))
-                  : running.length > 1
-                    ? void executeAction("run.stop")
-                    : void stopSession(target.id)
-              }
-            />
-          </>
-        ) : debugging ? (
-          // IDEA while debugging: Resume (when paused), Rerun Debug and Stop as filled buttons.
-          <>
-            {debugPaused && (
+            {target?.paused && (
               <IconButton
                 icon="resume"
                 size="large"
@@ -124,27 +90,18 @@ export function RunWidget() {
                 className={styles.widgetButton}
                 title="Resume Program"
                 shortcut={shortcutLabel("debug.resume")}
-                onClick={() => void executeAction("debug.resume")}
+                onClick={() => target.resume()}
               />
             )}
             <IconButton
-              icon="restart-debug-filled"
+              icon={debugging ? "restart-debug-filled" : "rerun-filled"}
               size="large"
               iconSize={16}
               className={clsx(styles.widgetButton, styles.widgetFilled, styles.widgetFilledRun)}
-              title="Rerun Debug Session"
-              shortcut={shortcutLabel("debug.rerun")}
-              disabled={!canRerunDebug}
-              onClick={() => void executeAction("debug.rerun")}
-            />
-            <IconButton
-              icon="stop-filled"
-              size="large"
-              iconSize={16}
-              className={clsx(styles.widgetButton, styles.widgetFilled, styles.widgetFilledStop)}
-              title="Stop Debug Session"
-              shortcut={shortcutLabel("debug.stop")}
-              onClick={() => void executeAction("debug.stop")}
+              title={tx`Rerun '${selected?.name ?? target?.name ?? ""}'`}
+              shortcut={shortcutLabel("run.run")}
+              disabled={!!target && !target.rerun}
+              onClick={() => void executeAction("run.run")}
             />
           </>
         ) : (
@@ -179,6 +136,17 @@ export function RunWidget() {
             />
           </>
         )}
+        {count > 0 && (
+          <IconButton
+            icon="stop-filled"
+            size="large"
+            iconSize={16}
+            className={clsx(styles.widgetButton, styles.widgetFilled, styles.widgetFilledStop)}
+            title={active || count === 1 ? tx`Stop '${stopName ?? ""}'` : tx`Stop (${count} running)`}
+            shortcut={shortcutLabel("run.stop")}
+            onClick={() => void executeAction("run.stop")}
+          />
+        )}
         <IconButton
           ref={moreRef}
           icon="more"
diff --git a/src/features/run/contextRun.ts b/src/features/run/contextRun.ts
index 11b04b3ce..742e6a7c0 100644
--- a/src/features/run/contextRun.ts
+++ b/src/features/run/contextRun.ts
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export async function launchProduced(p: Produced, debug: boolean): Promise<void>
       return;
     }
     if (!(await buildFirst(p.debug.build))) return;
-    await executeAction("debug.startConfig", p.debug.config);
+    await executeAction("debug.startConfig", { config: p.debug.config, origin: config });
     return;
   }
   await executeAction("run.debugConfig", config);
diff --git a/src/features/run/index.ts b/src/features/run/index.ts
index 699455018..b0b1a2e19 100644
--- a/src/features/run/index.ts
+++ b/src/features/run/index.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { onWorkflowSettingsChange } from "@/platform/workflowSettings";
 import { showContextMenu, lazyComponent, type MenuItem } from "@/ui";
 import {
   menuGroupItems,
+  useDebugRunSessions,
   notifications,
   registerMenuGroup,
   registerOverlay,
@@ -50,7 +51,6 @@ import {
   CURRENT_FILE,
   currentFileSelected,
   prepareLaunch,
-  sessionsOf,
   setBeforeLaunchRunner,
   loadConfigs,
   failedTests,
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ import {
   stopSession,
   useRun,
 } from "./store";
+import { compoundTargets, selectedTarget } from "./sessionTargets";
 import { tx } from "@/platform/i18n";
 
 function hasProject() {
@@ -84,6 +85,11 @@ async function runSelected() {
     useRun.setState({ chooserOpen: true, chooserMode: "run" });
     return;
   }
+  const target = selectedTarget(config.id, useRun.getState().sessions, useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions);
+  if (target) {
+    target.rerun?.();
+    return;
+  }
   await startRun(config);
 }
 
@@ -172,9 +178,8 @@ function configFromArg(arg: unknown): RunConfig | undefined {
 }
 
 /**
- * IDEA's Stop: in the Run or Debug tool window, the selected tab's process; otherwise the
- * only running process, or a chooser of every running one (run sessions and the
- * `stopProcess` items other features contribute, e.g. debug sessions).
+ * Stop: in the Run or Debug tool window, the selected tab's process; otherwise the selected
+ * configuration's session, or a chooser of every running process.
  */
 function stopAction() {
   const ctx = getContext();
@@ -183,22 +188,24 @@ function stopAction() {
     return;
   }
   const running = runningSessions();
-  const { activeSession } = useRun.getState();
   if (ctx.toolWindowFocus && ctx.activeToolWindow === "run") {
-    const active = running.find((s) => s.id === activeSession);
+    const active = running.find((s) => s.id === useRun.getState().activeSession);
     if (active) {
       void stopSession(active.id);
       return;
     }
   }
-  // A selected compound stops all of its configurations.
+  const debug = useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions;
   const selected = selectedConfig();
-  if (selected?.kind === "compound") {
-    const own = sessionsOf(selected, running);
-    if (own.length) {
-      own.forEach((s) => void stopSession(s.id));
-      return;
-    }
+  const compound = compoundTargets(selected, running, debug);
+  if (compound.length) {
+    compound.forEach((s) => s.stop());
+    return;
+  }
+  const target = selectedTarget(useRun.getState().selectedId, running, debug);
+  if (target) {
+    target.stop();
+    return;
   }
   const items = [
     ...running.map((s): MenuItem => ({
diff --git a/src/features/run/javaDebug.ts b/src/features/run/javaDebug.ts
index 0fbed5b2f..d06f77cb9 100644
--- a/src/features/run/javaDebug.ts
+++ b/src/features/run/javaDebug.ts
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ export async function debugWithAgent(config: RunConfig): Promise<boolean> {
       hostName: "127.0.0.1",
       port,
       process: runId,
+      runConfig: config,
     });
   };
   const session = await startRun(config, undefined, undefined, {
diff --git a/src/features/run/session.test.tsx b/src/features/run/session.test.tsx
index f278da6d0..cc8f1d5de 100644
--- a/src/features/run/session.test.tsx
+++ b/src/features/run/session.test.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { executeAction } from "@/platform/actions";
 import { setContext } from "@/platform/context";
 import type { RunConfig } from "@/platform/ipc";
 import {
+  useDebugRunSessions,
   provideNotificationService,
   provideToolWindowService,
   registerMenuGroup,
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ const running = (id: string, c: RunConfig, runId: number | null = null): RunSess
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   resetRuns();
+  useDebugRunSessions.setState({ sessions: [] });
   confirm.mockClear();
   confirm.mockResolvedValue(true);
   provideToolWindowService({ show: vi.fn(), isVisible: () => true } as unknown as ToolWindowService);
@@ -153,6 +155,8 @@ describe("Stop", () => {
     setContext("projectOpen", true);
     useRun.setState({
       sessions: [running("run1", config("a"), 1), running("run2", config("b"), 2)],
+      configs: [config("a"), config("b")],
+      selectedId: "a",
       activeSession: "run2",
     });
     setContext("toolWindowFocus", true);
diff --git a/src/features/run/sessionTargets.ts b/src/features/run/sessionTargets.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..367a9e37f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/features/run/sessionTargets.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { compoundChildren } from "./configs";
+import type { RunConfig } from "@/platform/ipc";
+import type { DebugRunSession } from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import { rerunSession, sessionsOf, stopSession, useRun, type RunSession } from "./store";
+
+/** Selection, never tool-window focus or an unrelated process, determines the primary target. */
+export function selectedTarget(selectedId: string | null, runs: RunSession[], debug: DebugRunSession[]) {
+  const candidates = [
+    ...runs
+      .filter((s) => (s.status === "running" || s.status === "starting") && s.config.id === selectedId)
+      .map((s) => ({
+        name: s.config.name,
+        startedAt: s.startedAt,
+        debug: false,
+        paused: false,
+        rerun: () => rerunSession(s.id),
+        stop: () => void stopSession(s.id),
+        resume: () => {},
+      })),
+    ...debug.filter((s) => s.configId != null && s.configId === selectedId).map((s) => ({ ...s, debug: true })),
+  ];
+  return candidates.sort((a, b) => b.startedAt - a.startedAt)[0] ?? null;
+}
+
+export function compoundTargets(config: RunConfig | undefined, runs: RunSession[], debug: DebugRunSession[]) {
+  if (config?.kind !== "compound") return [];
+  const ids = new Set(compoundChildren(config, useRun.getState().configs).map((c) => c.id));
+  return [
+    ...sessionsOf(config, runs).map((s) => ({ stop: () => void stopSession(s.id) })),
+    ...debug.filter((s) => s.configId != null && ids.has(s.configId)),
+  ];
+}
diff --git a/src/features/run/store.ts b/src/features/run/store.ts
index 21dff33dc..8e3cd8091 100644
--- a/src/features/run/store.ts
+++ b/src/features/run/store.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { downloadJdkActions } from "@/platform/jdk";
 import { useProject } from "@/platform/project";
 import { executeAction } from "@/platform/actions";
 import { workflowSettings } from "@/platform/workflowSettings";
-import { maybeEditorService, notifications, toolWindowService } from "@/workbench/contributions";
+import { maybeEditorService, notifications, toolWindowService, useDebugRunSessions } from "@/workbench/contributions";
 import { ConsoleModel } from "./console";
 import { jvmFrameTarget } from "./links";
 import { confirmRerun, confirmTerminate } from "./dialogs";
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ export function adoptTemporary(config: RunConfig): RunConfig {
   const busy = new Set(
     state.sessions.filter((x) => x.status === "running" || x.status === "starting").map((x) => x.config.id),
   );
+  for (const session of useDebugRunSessions.getState().sessions) if (session.configId) busy.add(session.configId);
   while (temporary.length > MAX_TEMPORARY) {
     const evict = temporary.find((id) => id !== config.id && !busy.has(id)) ?? temporary[0]!;
     temporary = temporary.filter((id) => id !== evict);
diff --git a/src/workbench/contributions.ts b/src/workbench/contributions.ts
index b3fa65d61..78bf02f24 100644
--- a/src/workbench/contributions.ts
+++ b/src/workbench/contributions.ts
@@ -1256,3 +1256,17 @@ export function showStatusInfo(text: string, ms = 8000) {
     if (useStatusInfo.getState().seq === seq) useStatusInfo.setState({ text: null });
   }, ms);
 }
+
+/** Live debugger roots exposed to the run toolbar without coupling feature stores. */
+export interface DebugRunSession {
+  id: number;
+  configId: string | null;
+  name: string;
+  startedAt: number;
+  paused: boolean;
+  rerun: (() => void) | null;
+  stop: () => void;
+  resume: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useDebugRunSessions = create<{ sessions: DebugRunSession[] }>(() => ({ sessions: [] }));