diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands/window.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands/window.rs
index ac940ceeb..7e79375f4 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands/window.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands/window.rs
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ pub fn app_cancel_quit(app: AppHandle, windows: State<'_, WindowsState>) {
     });
 }
 
-/// Sets the menu's labels / shortcut text and updates the menu when the visible
-/// items changed. Shortcuts for actions that are not on the menu must not call
+/// Sets the menu's labels / accelerators and updates the menu when the visible
+/// items changed. Accelerators of actions that are not on the menu must not call
 /// `set_menu`, which redraws the macOS menu bar.
 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/lib.rs b/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
index 70a0ba851..d2f7e1d76 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,15 @@ fn window_state_flags() -> tauri_plugin_window_state::StateFlags {
 
 /// Routes IDE menu items to the focused window's frontend (`executeAction`).
 fn on_menu_event(app: &tauri::AppHandle, event: tauri::menu::MenuEvent) {
-    dispatch_menu_action(app, event.id().as_ref());
+    let id = event.id().as_ref();
+    // A keymap accelerator only draws the shortcut: its key reached the menu because the keymap declined it.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    if !menu::fires_natively(&menu::spec(menu::Os::Mac), id)
+        && (macos::handling_key_press() || macos::native_modal_open())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    dispatch_menu_action(app, id);
 }
 
 /// Runs menu item `id` as if it were chosen: in the focused window's frontend, or here without one.
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/macos.rs b/src-tauri/src/macos.rs
index d9205d8db..af1052f8a 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/macos.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/macos.rs
@@ -172,3 +172,20 @@ unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn should_terminate(_this: *mut AnyObject, _selector: S
 }
 
 static APP: std::sync::OnceLock<AppHandle> = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Whether AppKit is handling a key press right now. A menu item performed at this point
+/// was chosen by its key equivalent: a click, arrow keys plus Return and accessibility
+/// presses all run with a non-key current event.
+pub fn handling_key_press() -> bool {
+    let Some(mtm) = MainThreadMarker::new() else { return false };
+    objc2_app_kit::NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm)
+        .currentEvent()
+        .is_some_and(|event| event.r#type() == objc2_app_kit::NSEventType::KeyDown)
+}
+
+/// Native dialogs block the workbench even when their menu event no longer carries a key press.
+pub fn native_modal_open() -> bool {
+    let Some(mtm) = MainThreadMarker::new() else { return false };
+    let application = objc2_app_kit::NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+    application.modalWindow().is_some() || application.windows().iter().any(|window| window.attachedSheet().is_some())
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/menu.rs b/src-tauri/src/menu.rs
index 2e78951f6..6437c9ed7 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/menu.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/menu.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
 //! frontend runs `executeAction(id)`.
 //!
 //! # Accelerators
-//! A native accelerator (macOS key equivalent, Win32 accelerator table, GTK
-//! accel group) is handled by the OS *before* the webview sees the key, so it
-//! would bypass the JS keymap (`when` clauses, chords, user overrides). IDE
-//! items therefore never get a native accelerator: their shortcut is appended
-//! to the label after a tab (`Save All\t⌘S`), which Win32 renders as the
-//! accelerator column and macOS/GTK as trailing text. The shortcut text comes
-//! from the frontend keymap ([`MenuConfig::shortcuts`]), so the JS keymap stays
-//! the single source of truth. Native accelerators are only used for keys the
-//! webview never handles: the macOS clipboard/undo roles (required for text
-//! inputs), Hide, Minimize, Quit and window cycling.
+//! The JS keymap is the only dispatcher of IDE shortcuts (`when` clauses, chords,
+//! user overrides). On macOS a focused WKWebView receives every key event before
+//! the menu, and the menu performs a key equivalent only when the page did not
+//! handle the key. IDE items therefore carry the native accelerator of their first
+//! keymap binding ([`MenuConfig::accelerators`]) so the menu draws the shortcut in
+//! its own column, and a menu event that such a key equivalent fires is dropped
+//! ([`fires_natively`]): the keymap has already declined that key. Bindings with no
+//! native form (chords, double modifiers) show no shortcut, as in IDEA. Items with
+//! a spec accelerator fire natively for keys the keymap never binds: Quit and
+//! window cycling, next to the macOS clipboard/undo roles that text inputs need.
 
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -138,9 +138,10 @@ pub enum Entry {
     Action {
         id: &'static str,
         label: &'static str,
-        /// Native accelerator (Tauri syntax). Only for keys the webview never handles.
+        /// Native accelerator (Tauri syntax) that fires natively ([`fires_natively`]) and wins
+        /// over the keymap's. Only for keys the webview never handles.
         accel: Option<&'static str>,
-        /// Shortcut text shown when the frontend keymap has none for this id.
+        /// Shortcut text after the label, for the Windows/Linux edit items without a keymap binding.
         hint: Option<&'static str>,
     },
     Native(Native),
@@ -904,15 +905,16 @@ pub fn action_ids(spec: &[Entry]) -> Vec<&'static str> {
     out
 }
 
-/// Localised labels and displayed shortcuts, pushed by the frontend.
+/// Localised labels and keymap accelerators, pushed by the frontend.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct MenuConfig {
     pub locale: String,
     /// `menu.<id>` → label (ids of submenus, actions and `native.*` roles).
     pub labels: HashMap<String, String>,
-    /// Action id → display shortcut from the JS keymap, e.g. `⇧⌘O`.
-    pub shortcuts: HashMap<String, String>,
+    /// Action id → native accelerator of its first keymap binding, e.g. `Shift+Meta+O`.
+    /// Absent when that binding has no native form (chord, double modifier).
+    pub accelerators: HashMap<String, String>,
     /// [`Entry::Dynamic`] slot → its items, already localised.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub dynamic: HashMap<String, Vec<DynamicItem>>,
@@ -946,19 +948,21 @@ impl MenuConfig {
         self.dynamic.get(slot).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
-    /// A dynamic item's text: its label, plus the action's shortcut unless it carries an argument.
-    fn dynamic_text(&self, item: &DynamicItem) -> String {
-        match self.shortcuts.get(&item.action).filter(|s| item.arg.is_none() && !s.is_empty()) {
-            Some(shortcut) => format!("{}\t{shortcut}", item.label),
-            None => item.label.clone(),
-        }
+    /// The keymap accelerator shown on the item of action `id`.
+    fn accelerator(&self, id: &str) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.accelerators.get(id).map(String::as_str).filter(|a| !a.is_empty())
     }
 
-    /// Item text with the keymap shortcut appended after a tab (display only).
+    /// A dynamic item's accelerator: the action's, unless the item carries an argument.
+    fn dynamic_accelerator(&self, item: &DynamicItem) -> Option<&str> {
+        item.arg.is_none().then(|| self.accelerator(&item.action)).flatten()
+    }
+
+    /// Item text: the label, with the spec's hint after a tab (Windows/Linux edit items).
     pub fn item_text(&self, id: &str, default: &str, hint: Option<&str>) -> String {
         let label = self.label(id, default);
-        match self.shortcuts.get(id).map(String::as_str).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).or(hint) {
-            Some(shortcut) => format!("{label}\t{shortcut}"),
+        match hint {
+            Some(hint) => format!("{label}\t{hint}"),
             None => label,
         }
     }
@@ -969,7 +973,7 @@ pub struct MenuState {
     pub config: Mutex<MenuConfig>,
     /// Action ids the focused window reports as disabled (no context / not registered).
     pub disabled: Mutex<HashSet<String>>,
-    /// Visible menu last installed. Shortcuts for actions that are not on the menu
+    /// Visible menu last installed. Accelerators of actions that are not on the menu
     /// are not part of this, so they must not redraw the macOS menu bar.
     rendered: Mutex<Option<Vec<RenderedMenu>>>,
 }
@@ -985,6 +989,18 @@ pub fn store_config(state: &MenuState, next: MenuConfig) -> bool {
     true
 }
 
+/// Whether the item `id` performs its own key equivalent: only items with a spec accelerator.
+/// A keymap accelerator is drawn for display, and its key reached the menu because the
+/// keymap declined it, so an event it fires is dropped.
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", test))]
+pub fn fires_natively(spec: &[Entry], id: &str) -> bool {
+    spec.iter().any(|entry| match entry {
+        Entry::Submenu { children, .. } => fires_natively(children, id),
+        Entry::Action { id: action, accel, .. } => *action == id && accel.is_some(),
+        _ => false,
+    })
+}
+
 /// The action an item id stands for, if it is an IDE action item.
 fn item_action(id: &str) -> Option<&str> {
     if id.starts_with(RECENT_PREFIX) || id == "recent.none" || id.starts_with("submenu:") {
@@ -1052,7 +1068,7 @@ struct RenderedMenu {
     items: Vec<RenderedItem>,
 }
 
-/// A visible menu row. Unused keymap shortcuts are intentionally absent.
+/// A visible menu row. Unused keymap accelerators are intentionally absent.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum RenderedItem {
     Submenu {
@@ -1060,12 +1076,11 @@ enum RenderedItem {
         title: String,
         items: Vec<RenderedItem>,
     },
-    /// `accel` is set only for items that own a native accelerator; their shortcut
-    /// is then not copied from [`MenuConfig::shortcuts`].
+    /// `accel` is the spec's accelerator, or else the keymap's from [`MenuConfig::accelerators`].
     Action {
         id: String,
         text: String,
-        accel: Option<&'static str>,
+        accel: Option<String>,
     },
     /// Always disabled (`No Recent Projects`).
     Placeholder {
@@ -1087,7 +1102,7 @@ fn prepared_spec<R: Runtime>(app: &AppHandle<R>, os: Os) -> Vec<Entry> {
     entries
 }
 
-/// Visible items for `entries`. Shortcuts that no item displays do not affect the result.
+/// Visible items for `entries`. Accelerators that no item displays do not affect the result.
 fn render_bar(entries: &[Entry], config: &MenuConfig, recent: &[RecentItem]) -> Vec<RenderedMenu> {
     entries
         .iter()
@@ -1109,16 +1124,18 @@ fn render_items(entries: &[Entry], config: &MenuConfig, recent: &[RecentItem]) -
                 title: config.label(id, label),
                 items: render_items(children, config, recent),
             }),
-            Entry::Action { id, label, accel, hint } => {
-                let text = match accel {
-                    Some(_) => config.label(id, label),
-                    None => config.item_text(id, label, *hint),
-                };
-                out.push(RenderedItem::Action { id: (*id).into(), text, accel: *accel });
-            }
+            Entry::Action { id, label, accel, hint } => out.push(RenderedItem::Action {
+                id: (*id).into(),
+                text: config.item_text(id, label, *hint),
+                accel: accel.or_else(|| config.accelerator(id)).map(Into::into),
+            }),
             Entry::Dynamic(slot) => {
                 for item in config.dynamic_items(slot) {
-                    out.push(RenderedItem::Action { id: item.item_id(), text: config.dynamic_text(item), accel: None });
+                    out.push(RenderedItem::Action {
+                        id: item.item_id(),
+                        text: item.label.clone(),
+                        accel: config.dynamic_accelerator(item).map(Into::into),
+                    });
                 }
             }
             Entry::Native(kind) => {
@@ -1143,13 +1160,13 @@ fn render_items(entries: &[Entry], config: &MenuConfig, recent: &[RecentItem]) -
     out
 }
 
-fn structure_key(item: &RenderedItem) -> (u8, &str, Option<&str>) {
+fn structure_key(item: &RenderedItem) -> (u8, &str) {
     match item {
-        RenderedItem::Submenu { id, .. } => (0, *id, None),
-        RenderedItem::Action { id, accel, .. } => (1, id.as_str(), *accel),
-        RenderedItem::Placeholder { id, .. } => (2, id.as_str(), None),
-        RenderedItem::Native { kind, .. } => (3, kind.key(), None),
-        RenderedItem::Separator => (4, "", None),
+        RenderedItem::Submenu { id, .. } => (0, *id),
+        RenderedItem::Action { id, .. } => (1, id.as_str()),
+        RenderedItem::Placeholder { id, .. } => (2, id.as_str()),
+        RenderedItem::Native { kind, .. } => (3, kind.key()),
+        RenderedItem::Separator => (4, ""),
     }
 }
 
@@ -1208,7 +1225,7 @@ fn append_rendered<R: Runtime>(
             }
             RenderedItem::Action { id, text, accel } => {
                 let enabled = item_enabled(id, disabled);
-                parent.append(&MenuItem::with_id(app, id, text, enabled, *accel)?)?;
+                parent.append(&MenuItem::with_id(app, id, text, enabled, accel.as_deref())?)?;
             }
             RenderedItem::Placeholder { id, text } => {
                 parent.append(&MenuItem::with_id(app, id, text, false, None::<&str>)?)?;
@@ -1322,14 +1339,25 @@ fn sync_item<R: Runtime>(
         }
         (
             MenuItemKind::MenuItem(item),
-            _,
-            RenderedItem::Action { text, .. } | RenderedItem::Placeholder { text, .. },
-        ) => item.set_text(text).is_ok(),
+            RenderedItem::Action { text: previous_text, accel: previous_accel, .. },
+            RenderedItem::Action { text, accel, .. },
+        ) => {
+            accelerator_patchable(previous_accel.as_deref(), accel.as_deref())
+                && (previous_text == text || item.set_text(text).is_ok())
+                && (previous_accel == accel || item.set_accelerator(accel.as_deref()).is_ok())
+        }
+        (MenuItemKind::MenuItem(item), _, RenderedItem::Placeholder { text, .. }) => item.set_text(text).is_ok(),
         (MenuItemKind::Predefined(item), _, RenderedItem::Native { text, .. }) => item.set_text(text).is_ok(),
         _ => false,
     }
 }
 
+/// Whether an item's accelerator can change in place. On macOS muda's `set_accelerator(None)`
+/// keeps the old key equivalent, so an item that loses its accelerator is built again.
+fn accelerator_patchable(previous: Option<&str>, next: Option<&str>) -> bool {
+    previous == next || next.is_some()
+}
+
 fn patch_menu<R: Runtime>(
     app: &AppHandle<R>,
     menu: &Menu<R>,
@@ -1553,9 +1581,9 @@ mod tests {
         let base = MenuConfig::default();
         let mut extra = base.clone();
         // Registered by a large project's language actions, but not a menu item.
-        extra.shortcuts.insert("java.compile".into(), "⌘K".into());
-        // Shown by the native accelerator, not by the keymap text.
-        extra.shortcuts.insert("window.next".into(), "⌘`".into());
+        extra.accelerators.insert("java.compile".into(), "Meta+K".into());
+        // The spec's accelerator wins over the keymap's.
+        extra.accelerators.insert("window.next".into(), "Meta+Alt+N".into());
         assert_eq!(render_bar(&entries, &base, &[]), render_bar(&entries, &extra, &[]));
     }
 
@@ -1564,7 +1592,7 @@ mod tests {
         let entries = spec(Os::Mac);
         let base = MenuConfig::default();
         let mut with_maven = base.clone();
-        with_maven.shortcuts.insert("toolwindow.maven".into(), "⌘9".into());
+        with_maven.accelerators.insert("toolwindow.maven".into(), "Meta+9".into());
         assert_eq!(render_bar(&entries, &base, &[]), render_bar(&entries, &with_maven, &[]));
         with_maven.dynamic.insert(DYNAMIC_TOOL_WINDOWS.into(), vec![dynamic_item("toolwindow.maven", None, "Maven")]);
         assert_eq!(changed_menus(&render_bar(&entries, &base, &[]), &render_bar(&entries, &with_maven, &[])), ["view"]);
@@ -1585,9 +1613,12 @@ mod tests {
     fn visible_label_or_shortcut_changes_only_its_menu() {
         let entries = spec(Os::Mac);
         let base = MenuConfig::default();
-        let mut shortcuts = base.clone();
-        shortcuts.shortcuts.insert("file.save".into(), "⌘S".into());
-        assert_eq!(changed_menus(&render_bar(&entries, &base, &[]), &render_bar(&entries, &shortcuts, &[])), ["file"]);
+        let mut accelerators = base.clone();
+        accelerators.accelerators.insert("file.save".into(), "Meta+S".into());
+        assert_eq!(
+            changed_menus(&render_bar(&entries, &base, &[]), &render_bar(&entries, &accelerators, &[])),
+            ["file"]
+        );
 
         let mut labels = base.clone();
         labels.labels.insert("menu.view".into(), "视图".into());
@@ -1698,16 +1729,64 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn labels_and_shortcuts_come_from_config() {
+    fn labels_come_from_config() {
         let mut config = MenuConfig::default();
         assert_eq!(config.item_text("file.save", "Save All", None), "Save All");
         assert_eq!(config.item_text("edit.copy", "Copy", Some("Ctrl+C")), "Copy\tCtrl+C");
         config.labels.insert("menu.file.save".into(), "全部保存".into());
-        config.shortcuts.insert("file.save".into(), "⌘S".into());
-        assert_eq!(config.item_text("file.save", "Save All", None), "全部保存\t⌘S");
+        assert_eq!(config.item_text("file.save", "Save All", None), "全部保存");
         assert_eq!(config.label("file", "File"), "File");
     }
 
+    fn rendered_action<'a>(items: &'a [RenderedItem], id: &str) -> Option<&'a RenderedItem> {
+        items.iter().find_map(|item| match item {
+            RenderedItem::Submenu { items, .. } => rendered_action(items, id),
+            RenderedItem::Action { id: item_id, .. } if item_id == id => Some(item),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// The macOS menu draws a key equivalent in its own column; text after a tab is drawn
+    /// right after the label instead.
+    #[test]
+    fn keymap_shortcuts_are_native_accelerators_not_label_text() {
+        let mut config = MenuConfig::default();
+        config.accelerators.insert("file.save".into(), "Meta+S".into());
+        config.accelerators.insert("app.quit".into(), "Meta+Alt+Q".into());
+        let bar = render_bar(&spec(Os::Mac), &config, &[]);
+        let items: Vec<RenderedItem> = bar.into_iter().flat_map(|menu| menu.items).collect();
+        let item = |id| rendered_action(&items, id).cloned();
+        assert_eq!(
+            item("file.save"),
+            Some(RenderedItem::Action {
+                id: "file.save".into(),
+                text: "Save All".into(),
+                accel: Some("Meta+S".into())
+            })
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(item("app.quit"), Some(RenderedItem::Action { accel: Some(a), .. }) if a == "CmdOrCtrl+Q"));
+        assert!(
+            matches!(item("navigate.searchEverywhere"), Some(RenderedItem::Action { accel: None, text, .. }) if !text.contains('\t'))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_item_that_loses_its_accelerator_is_built_again() {
+        assert!(!accelerator_patchable(Some("Meta+L"), None));
+        assert!(accelerator_patchable(Some("Meta+L"), Some("Ctrl+Alt+G")));
+        assert!(accelerator_patchable(None, Some("Meta+L")));
+        assert!(accelerator_patchable(None, None));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn only_spec_accelerators_fire_natively() {
+        let spec = spec(Os::Mac);
+        assert!(fires_natively(&spec, "app.quit"));
+        assert!(fires_natively(&spec, "window.next"));
+        assert!(!fires_natively(&spec, "file.save"));
+        assert!(!fires_natively(&spec, "dyn:toolwindow.project"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn without_action_drops_item_and_dangling_separators() {
         for os in ALL_OS {
@@ -1844,9 +1923,9 @@ mod tests {
             DYNAMIC_TOOL_WINDOWS.into(),
             vec![dynamic_item("toolwindow.project", None, "Project"), dynamic_item("toolwindow.git", None, "Git")],
         );
-        config.shortcuts.insert("toolwindow.project".into(), "⌘1".into());
-        assert_eq!(config.dynamic_text(&config.dynamic[DYNAMIC_TOOL_WINDOWS][0]), "Project\t⌘1");
-        assert_eq!(config.dynamic_text(&dynamic_item("toolwindow.project", Some("x"), "X")), "X");
+        config.accelerators.insert("toolwindow.project".into(), "Meta+1".into());
+        assert_eq!(config.dynamic_accelerator(&config.dynamic[DYNAMIC_TOOL_WINDOWS][0]), Some("Meta+1"));
+        assert_eq!(config.dynamic_accelerator(&dynamic_item("toolwindow.project", Some("x"), "X")), None);
         let spec = vec![sub("toolWindows", "Tool Windows", vec![Entry::Dynamic(DYNAMIC_TOOL_WINDOWS), SEP])];
         let MenuNode::Submenu { children, .. } = &model(&spec, &[], &config)[0] else { panic!("not a submenu") };
         assert!(
diff --git a/src/bindings.ts b/src/bindings.ts
index be0c013cc..5000d6847 100644
--- a/src/bindings.ts
+++ b/src/bindings.ts
@@ -973,8 +973,8 @@ export const commands = {
 	/**  A window vetoed the quit (user cancelled its unsaved-changes prompt). */
 	appCancelQuit: () => __TAURI_INVOKE<void>("app_cancel_quit"),
 	/**
-	 *  Sets the menu's labels / shortcut text and updates the menu when the visible
-	 *  items changed. Shortcuts for actions that are not on the menu must not call
+	 *  Sets the menu's labels / accelerators and updates the menu when the visible
+	 *  items changed. Accelerators of actions that are not on the menu must not call
 	 *  `set_menu`, which redraws the macOS menu bar.
 	 */
 	menuConfigure: (config: MenuConfig) => __TAURI_INVOKE<void>("menu_configure", { config }),
@@ -5663,13 +5663,16 @@ export type MemoryCategory =
 /**  Debug adapters, Run processes, terminal shells and other children. */
 "process";
 
-/**  Localised labels and displayed shortcuts, pushed by the frontend. */
+/**  Localised labels and keymap accelerators, pushed by the frontend. */
 export type MenuConfig = {
 	locale: string,
 	/**  `menu.<id>` → label (ids of submenus, actions and `native.*` roles). */
 	labels: { [key in string]: string },
-	/**  Action id → display shortcut from the JS keymap, e.g. `⇧⌘O`. */
-	shortcuts: { [key in string]: string },
+	/**
+	 *  Action id → native accelerator of its first keymap binding, e.g. `Shift+Meta+O`.
+	 *  Absent when that binding has no native form (chord, double modifier).
+	 */
+	accelerators: { [key in string]: string },
 	/**  [`Entry::Dynamic`] slot → its items, already localised. */
 	dynamic?: { [key in string]: DynamicItem[] },
 };
diff --git a/src/features/app/__tests__/menuBridge.test.ts b/src/features/app/__tests__/menuBridge.test.ts
index c4530f332..cb0330c11 100644
--- a/src/features/app/__tests__/menuBridge.test.ts
+++ b/src/features/app/__tests__/menuBridge.test.ts
@@ -2,20 +2,57 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { registerAction } from "@/platform/actions";
 import { _resetI18nForTests, setLocale } from "@/platform/i18n";
 import { useKeymap } from "@/platform/keymap";
+import * as ipc from "@/platform/ipc";
 import { resetDistractionFree, setDistractionFree } from "@/workbench/distractionFree";
 import { registerToolWindow } from "@/workbench/contributions";
 import { _reloadLayouts, saveLayout } from "@/workbench/toolwindows/layouts";
-import { setContext } from "@/platform/context";
+import { clearContext, setContext } from "@/platform/context";
 import {
   buildMenuConfig,
   disabledMenuActions,
   dynamicMenuItems,
+  installMenuBridge,
+  menuAccelerator,
   menuActionIds,
-  menuShortcut,
   routeMenuEvent,
 } from "../menuBridge";
 
+vi.mock("@tauri-apps/api/webviewWindow", () => ({
+  getCurrentWebviewWindow: () => ({ listen: async () => () => {} }),
+}));
+
 describe("menu state from the frontend", () => {
+  it("refreshes the focused window's enablement even if context changes during the debounce", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    vi.spyOn(ipc, "isTauri").mockReturnValue(true);
+    vi.spyOn(document, "hasFocus").mockReturnValue(true);
+    vi.spyOn(ipc.commands, "appBuildInfo").mockRejectedValue(new Error("No build info in tests"));
+    vi.spyOn(ipc.commands, "menuConfigure").mockResolvedValue();
+    vi.spyOn(ipc.commands, "menuModel").mockResolvedValue([
+      { kind: "action", id: "test.menuFocus", label: "Test", hint: null, arg: null },
+    ]);
+    const pushDisabled = vi.spyOn(ipc.commands, "menuSetDisabled").mockResolvedValue();
+    const offAction = registerAction({ id: "test.menuFocus", title: "Test", run: () => {} });
+    const dispose = installMenuBridge();
+    try {
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120);
+      expect(pushDisabled).toHaveBeenCalledWith([]);
+      pushDisabled.mockClear();
+
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event("focus"));
+      setContext("testMenuFocusNoise", true);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120);
+
+      expect(pushDisabled).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith([]);
+    } finally {
+      dispose();
+      offAction();
+      clearContext("testMenuFocusNoise");
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+      vi.restoreAllMocks();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("lists registered tool windows by title and saved layouts", () => {
     localStorage.clear();
     _reloadLayouts();
@@ -98,17 +135,16 @@ describe("menu event routing", () => {
 });
 
 describe("menu config", () => {
-  it("carries keymap shortcuts as display text", () => {
+  it("carries keymap shortcuts as native accelerators", () => {
     const mac = buildMenuConfig("macos");
-    expect(mac.shortcuts["file.save"]).toBe("⌘S");
-    expect(mac.shortcuts["navigate.gotoFile"]).toBe("⇧⌘O");
-    expect(mac.shortcuts["navigate.searchEverywhere"]).toBe("⇧⇧");
-    expect(buildMenuConfig("windows").shortcuts["navigate.gotoFile"]).toBe("Shift+Meta+O");
+    expect(mac.accelerators["file.save"]).toBe("Meta+S");
+    expect(mac.accelerators["navigate.gotoFile"]).toBe("Shift+Meta+O");
+    expect(mac.accelerators["navigate.searchEverywhere"]).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
   it("follows user keymap overrides", () => {
     useKeymap.setState({ overrides: { "file.save": ["Ctrl+Alt+S"] } });
-    expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").shortcuts["file.save"]).toBe("⌃⌥S");
+    expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").accelerators["file.save"]).toBe("Ctrl+Alt+S");
   });
 
   it("sends localised labels with platform-specific variants", async () => {
@@ -122,16 +158,49 @@ describe("menu config", () => {
     expect(zh.labels["menu.file.save"]).toBe("全部保存");
   });
 
-  it("formats chords", () => {
-    expect(menuShortcut("Meta+Alt+N Meta+Alt+N", "linux")).toBe("Alt+Meta+N, Alt+Meta+N");
-    expect(menuShortcut("Shift Shift", "windows")).toBe("Shift, Shift");
+  it("gives keys a native menu can show as they are", () => {
+    for (const binding of [
+      "Meta+[",
+      "Shift+Meta+Backspace",
+      "Meta+Delete",
+      "Meta+F12",
+      "Alt+F1",
+      "Ctrl+Shift+Down",
+      "Alt+Enter",
+      "Escape",
+      "Meta+,",
+      "Alt+Meta+PageDown",
+      "Meta+NumpadAdd",
+      "Meta+NumpadMultiply",
+      "F13",
+      "Shift+F24",
+      "Meta+`",
+      "Meta+\\",
+      "Meta+'",
+      "Meta+;",
+    ])
+      expect(menuAccelerator(binding)).toBe(binding);
+    expect(menuAccelerator("shift+meta+o")).toBe("Shift+Meta+O");
+  });
+
+  it("leaves out bindings a native menu cannot show", () => {
+    for (const binding of [
+      "Shift Shift",
+      "Ctrl Ctrl",
+      "Alt Alt+Up",
+      "Meta+Alt+N Meta+Alt+N",
+      "Meta+NumpadMultiply 1",
+      "Meta+Button1",
+      "SwipeLeft",
+    ])
+      expect(menuAccelerator(binding)).toBeUndefined();
   });
 });
 
 describe("window-scoped menu labels", () => {
   it("flips Enter / Exit Distraction Free Mode with the window's mode", () => {
     expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").labels["menu.editor.toggleZen"]).toBe("Enter Distraction Free Mode");
-    expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").shortcuts["editor.toggleZen"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").accelerators["editor.toggleZen"]).toBeUndefined();
     setDistractionFree(true);
     expect(buildMenuConfig("macos").labels["menu.editor.toggleZen"]).toBe("Exit Distraction Free Mode");
     resetDistractionFree();
diff --git a/src/features/app/menuBridge.ts b/src/features/app/menuBridge.ts
index 9f1b54c46..6434f461c 100644
--- a/src/features/app/menuBridge.ts
+++ b/src/features/app/menuBridge.ts
@@ -4,14 +4,21 @@
  * The backend emits `openidea://menu` `{ action, arg }` to the focused window when
  * an IDE menu item is clicked; we run `executeAction(action, arg)`. In the
  * other direction we push localised labels (`menu.*` catalog keys) and the
- * shortcut text of every keymap binding, so the menu shows the JS keymap's
- * shortcuts without registering native accelerators (see src-tauri/src/menu.rs).
+ * native accelerator of every keymap binding, which the macOS menu shows as a key
+ * equivalent while the JS keymap stays the only dispatcher (see src-tauri/src/menu.rs).
  */
 import { executeActionFrom, getAction, isActionEnabled, useActions } from "@/platform/actions";
 import { useContextKeys } from "@/platform/context";
 import { keysWithPrefix, t, tx, useI18n } from "@/platform/i18n";
 import { commands, isTauri, type DynamicItem, type MenuConfig, type MenuNode } from "@/platform/ipc";
-import { effectiveBindings, formatBinding, primaryKeyBinding, useKeymap } from "@/platform/keymap";
+import {
+  effectiveBindings,
+  isMouseBinding,
+  normalizeBinding,
+  parseDoubleModifier,
+  primaryKeyBinding,
+  useKeymap,
+} from "@/platform/keymap";
 import { useProject } from "@/platform/project";
 import { useContributions, useMenuSlotItems } from "@/workbench/contributions";
 import { isDistractionFree, useDistractionFree } from "@/workbench/distractionFree";
@@ -38,9 +45,22 @@ export function routeMenuEvent(
   return run(payload.action, payload.arg ?? undefined);
 }
 
-/** Shortcut text for menus: macOS symbols, `Ctrl+Shift+O` style elsewhere. */
-export function menuShortcut(binding: string, os: HostOs): string {
-  return formatBinding(binding, os === "macos");
+/**
+ * Keymap key names a macOS key equivalent can show. Mirrors the names muda's accelerator
+ * parser accepts: Tauri drops an accelerator it cannot parse, and the item shows no shortcut.
+ */
+const NATIVE_KEY =
+  /^([A-Z0-9]|F([1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])|[[\]`\\,./;'=-]|Space|Enter|Escape|Tab|Backspace|Delete|Up|Down|Left|Right|Home|End|PageUp|PageDown|Numpad(Add|Subtract|Multiply|Divide))$/;
+
+/**
+ * The binding as a native menu accelerator (`Shift+Meta+O`), or undefined when a menu
+ * cannot show it: chords, double modifiers, mouse buttons and gestures, as in IDEA.
+ */
+export function menuAccelerator(binding: string): string | undefined {
+  if (isMouseBinding(binding) || parseDoubleModifier(binding)) return undefined;
+  const stroke = normalizeBinding(binding);
+  if (stroke.includes(" ")) return undefined;
+  return NATIVE_KEY.test(stroke.split("+").pop()!) ? stroke : undefined;
 }
 
 export function buildMenuConfig(os: HostOs): MenuConfig {
@@ -48,13 +68,16 @@ export function buildMenuConfig(os: HostOs): MenuConfig {
   // Per-window state some labels follow (View › Appearance › Enter / Exit Distraction Free Mode).
   const params = { os, distractionFree: isDistractionFree() ? "on" : "off" };
   for (const key of keysWithPrefix("menu.")) labels[key] = t(key, params);
-  const shortcuts: Record<string, string> = {};
+  const accelerators: Record<string, string> = {};
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
   for (const [, id] of effectiveBindings()) {
-    if (id in shortcuts) continue;
+    if (seen.has(id)) continue;
+    seen.add(id);
     const first = primaryKeyBinding(id);
-    if (first) shortcuts[id] = menuShortcut(first, os);
+    const accelerator = first && menuAccelerator(first);
+    if (accelerator) accelerators[id] = accelerator;
   }
-  return { locale: useI18n.getState().locale, labels, shortcuts, dynamic: dynamicMenuItems() };
+  return { locale: useI18n.getState().locale, labels, accelerators, dynamic: dynamicMenuItems() };
 }
 
 /** View › Tool Windows (every registered window, by title) and Window › Tool Window Layouts. */
@@ -121,15 +144,18 @@ export function installMenuBridge(): () => void {
   // what cannot run). Recomputed shortly after context changes, sent only when it changed.
   let ids: Set<string> | null = null;
   let lastDisabled = "";
+  let forceEnablement = false;
   let enableTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
   const pushEnablement = (force = false) => {
+    forceEnablement ||= force;
     clearTimeout(enableTimer);
     enableTimer = setTimeout(() => {
       if (!ids || disposed || !document.hasFocus()) return;
       const dynamic = Object.values(dynamicMenuItems()).flatMap((items) => items.map((d) => d.action));
       const disabled = disabledMenuActions(new Set([...ids, ...dynamic]));
       const key = disabled.join(",");
-      if (!force && key === lastDisabled) return;
+      if (!forceEnablement && key === lastDisabled) return;
+      forceEnablement = false;
       lastDisabled = key;
       void commands.menuSetDisabled(disabled);
     }, 120);