feat(unity): open scripts from external editor arguments (#2296)

* feat(app): support Unity external editor navigation

* docs(unity): explain manual external editor setup

src-tauri/src/commands/mod.rs

@@ -447,6 +447,7 @@ pub fn builder() -> tauri_specta::Builder<tauri::Wry> {
         window::window_is_fullscreen,
         window_drag::window_start_drag,
         window::window_take_launch,
+        window::window_complete_launch,
         window::window_close_context,
         window::window_open_projects,
         window::app_quit,

src-tauri/src/commands/window.rs

@@ -163,6 +163,14 @@ pub fn window_take_launch(window: WebviewWindow, windows: State<'_, WindowsState
     windows.take_launch(window.label())
 }
 
+/// Release the opening window's reservation after navigation or cancellation.
+#[tauri::command]
+#[specta::specta]
+pub fn window_complete_launch(window: WebviewWindow, windows: State<'_, WindowsState>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    windows.complete_launch(window.label());
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct OpenProject {

src-tauri/src/lib.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn run() {
     #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     export_bindings(&builder);
 
-    let app = tauri::Builder::default();
+    let app = tauri::Builder::default().manage(WindowsState::default());
     // Single instance first: a second launch focuses this one and opens its path argument.
     // Debug builds have a separate identifier per worktree.
     let app = app.plugin(tauri_plugin_single_instance::init(windows::on_second_instance));
@@ -176,26 +176,22 @@ pub fn run() {
     .setup(move |app| {
         builder.mount_events(app);
         let state = AppState::new(app.handle().clone())?;
-        let windows = WindowsState::default();
+        let windows = app.state::<WindowsState>();
         if let Ok(cwd) = std::env::current_dir() {
-            let args = std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            match windows::cli_launch(&args, &cwd) {
-                Some(windows::CliLaunch::Path(path)) => {
-                    windows::remember_cli_position(&windows, &args, &path);
-                    windows.set_launch("main", windows::path_launch(path));
-                }
-                // `openidea diff a.txt b.txt`: the main window opens the pair in the diff viewer.
-                Some(windows::CliLaunch::Diff(diff)) => {
-                    windows.set_launch("main", windows::Launch { diff: Some(Box::new(diff)), ..Default::default() });
-                }
-                None => {}
+            match windows::cli_launch(&std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &cwd) {
+                Ok(Some(launch)) => windows.set_launch("main", launch),
+                Ok(None) => {}
+                Err(error) => windows::report_cli_error(app.handle(), error),
             }
         }
         let menu_state = menu::MenuState::default();
         menu::install(app.handle(), &menu_state, &state.recent.list());
         app.manage(state);
         commands::mcp::apply(&app.state::<AppState>());
-        app.manage(windows);
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        if let Err(error) = windows::allow_external_launches(app.handle()) {
+            windows::report_cli_error(app.handle(), error);
+        }
         app.manage(application_focus::ApplicationFocus::default());
         #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
         macos::intercept_system_quit(app.handle());
@@ -212,6 +208,7 @@ pub fn run() {
         }
         app.on_menu_event(on_menu_event);
         windows::create_main_window(app.handle())?;
+        windows::ready_for_cli(app.handle());
         jump_list::refresh(app.handle(), app.state::<AppState>().recent.list());
         Ok(())
     })
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@ pub fn run() {
         #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
         if let tauri::RunEvent::Opened { urls } = &event {
             let paths = windows::opened_paths(urls);
-            if app.try_state::<WindowsState>().is_some() {
+            if app.try_state::<AppState>().is_some() {
                 windows::open_paths(app, paths);
             } else {
                 early_opens.lock().get_or_insert_default().extend(paths);

src-tauri/src/windows.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@
 //! [`AppState::project`]). Their labels name the kind and the parent
 //! (`settings-main`, `comparison-project-2-3`); their [`Launch`] says what to show.
 
+mod cli;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+mod single_instance;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use single_instance::allow_external_launches;
+
 use crate::remote_dev::RemoteTarget;
 use crate::state::AppState;
 use crate::theme_frame::builtin_frame;
@@ -60,6 +66,9 @@ pub struct Launch {
     /// `openidea diff a.txt b.txt`: the two files to open in the diff viewer (boxed: most launches have none).
     #[serde(default)]
     pub diff: Option<Box<DiffFilesLaunch>>,
+    /// Files requested after the pending diff take focus after it opens.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub diff_before_files: bool,
     /// Deployment windows: the server and local selection to compare.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub deployment: Option<DeploymentLaunch>,
@@ -112,6 +121,15 @@ pub struct FilePosition {
     pub column: u32,
 }
 
+impl Launch {
+    fn add_positions(&mut self, positions: &[FilePosition]) {
+        for position in positions.iter().filter(|p| self.files.contains(&p.path)) {
+            self.positions.retain(|p| p.path != position.path);
+            self.positions.push(position.clone());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A project folder on an SSH host, in a WSL distribution or in a dev container.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -134,8 +152,9 @@ pub struct WindowsState {
     /// read before this run first overwrites the file, so restoring still sees it.
     pub groups_persist: tokio::sync::Mutex<Option<Vec<ide_workspace::window_groups::SavedWindows>>>,
     launches: Mutex<HashMap<String, Launch>>,
-    /// Caret positions asked for on the command line, by canonical file path, until a window takes the file.
-    positions: Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, (u32, u32)>>,
+    /// A taken launch still owns its window until the frontend finishes opening it.
+    opening: Mutex<HashMap<String, Launch>>,
+    cli: Mutex<cli::Queue>,
     /// Most recently focused window label (menu events go there).
     last_focused: Mutex<Option<String>>,
     /// Set by Quit while windows close one by one.
@@ -174,36 +193,44 @@ impl WindowsState {
     /// Whether the window `label` is created to open a project (local or remote).
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     pub fn opens_project(&self, label: &str) -> bool {
-        self.launches.lock().get(label).is_some_and(|l| l.project.is_some() || l.remote.is_some())
+        self.pending(label).is_some_and(|l| l.project.is_some() || l.remote.is_some())
     }
 
     pub fn take_launch(&self, label: &str) -> Option<Launch> {
-        let mut launch = self.launches.lock().remove(label)?;
-        let mut positions = self.positions.lock();
-        for file in &launch.files {
-            let path = dunce::canonicalize(&file.0).unwrap_or_else(|_| file.0.clone());
-            if let Some((line, column)) = positions.remove(&path) {
-                launch.positions.push(FilePosition { path: file.clone(), line, column });
-            }
+        let mut launches = self.launches.lock();
+        let launch = launches.remove(label)?;
+        if launch.project.is_some() || launch.remote.is_some() || !launch.files.is_empty() || launch.diff.is_some() {
+            self.opening.lock().insert(label.to_owned(), launch.clone());
         }
         Some(launch)
     }
 
-    /// The caret goes to `position` (0-based line, column) when a window opens `file`.
-    pub fn set_position(&self, file: &Path, position: (u32, u32)) {
-        let path = dunce::canonicalize(file).unwrap_or_else(|_| file.to_path_buf());
-        self.positions.lock().insert(path, position);
+    pub fn complete_launch(&self, label: &str) {
+        self.opening.lock().remove(label);
     }
 
     /// Adds `files` to `label`'s pending launch, so files sent before its frontend took the last batch aren't lost.
-    pub fn add_files(&self, label: &str, files: Vec<PathBuf>) {
+    fn add_files_at(&self, label: &str, files: Vec<PathBuf>, positions: &[FilePosition]) {
         let mut launches = self.launches.lock();
         let launch = launches.entry(label.to_owned()).or_default();
+        if !files.is_empty() && launch.diff.is_some() {
+            launch.diff_before_files = true;
+        }
         launch.files.extend(files.into_iter().map(Into::into));
+        launch.add_positions(positions);
+    }
+
+    fn add_diff(&self, label: &str, diff: DiffFilesLaunch) {
+        let mut launches = self.launches.lock();
+        let launch = launches.entry(label.to_owned()).or_default();
+        launch.diff = Some(Box::new(diff));
+        launch.diff_before_files = false;
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn pending(&self, label: &str) -> Option<Launch> {
-        self.launches.lock().get(label).cloned()
+        let launches = self.launches.lock();
+        let opening = self.opening.lock();
+        opening.get(label).or_else(|| launches.get(label)).cloned()
     }
 
     pub fn focused(&self, label: &str) {
@@ -212,7 +239,12 @@ impl WindowsState {
 
     pub fn forget(&self, label: &str) {
         self.close_settled(label);
-        self.launches.lock().remove(label);
+        {
+            let mut launches = self.launches.lock();
+            let mut opening = self.opening.lock();
+            launches.remove(label);
+            opening.remove(label);
+        }
         let mut last = self.last_focused.lock();
         if last.as_deref() == Some(label) {
             *last = None;
@@ -391,97 +423,70 @@ pub fn cycle_target(sorted: &[String], current: &str, forward: bool) -> Option<S
     Some(sorted[j].clone())
 }
 
-/// Flags followed by a value (`--line 12`).
-const VALUE_FLAGS: [&str; 2] = ["--line", "--column"];
-
-/// The subcommand opening two files side by side (`openidea diff a.txt b.txt`).
-const DIFF_ARG: &str = "diff";
-
-/// The project path from command-line arguments (`openidea /path/to/project`):
-/// the first argument after the binary that is not a flag or a flag's value, resolved against `cwd`.
+/// The first path, for ordinary opening and the Windows recent-project shortcut.
 pub fn cli_path(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    let mut rest = args.iter().skip(1);
-    while let Some(a) = rest.next() {
-        if VALUE_FLAGS.contains(&a.as_str()) {
-            rest.next();
-            continue;
-        }
-        if a.starts_with('-') || a.is_empty() || a.starts_with("psn_") {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let p = PathBuf::from(a);
-        return Some(if p.is_absolute() { p } else { cwd.join(p) });
-    }
-    None
+    cli::parse(args, cwd).ok().and_then(|r| r.path.or(r.file))
 }
 
-/// What the command line asks to open (arguments after the binary, resolved against `cwd`).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum CliLaunch {
-    /// `openidea diff a.txt b.txt`: the two files side by side in the diff viewer.
-    Diff(DiffFilesLaunch),
-    /// A project folder or a file (`openidea /path/to/project`).
-    Path(PathBuf),
-}
-
-/// What the command line asks to open; see [`CliLaunch`].
-pub fn cli_launch(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> Option<CliLaunch> {
-    if args.get(1).map(String::as_str) == Some(DIFF_ARG) {
-        return match cli_diff_paths(args, cwd).as_slice() {
-            [left, right, ..] => {
-                Some(CliLaunch::Diff(DiffFilesLaunch { left: left.clone().into(), right: right.clone().into() }))
+/// A positional folder plus `--file` opens that file in its project. Without a folder,
+/// ordinary files retain LightEdit behavior; an existing project window can claim them.
+pub fn cli_launch(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> IdeResult<Option<Launch>> {
+    if let Some(paths) = cli::diff_paths(args, cwd) {
+        return Ok(match paths.as_slice() {
+            [left, right, ..] => Some(Launch {
+                diff: Some(Box::new(DiffFilesLaunch { left: left.clone().into(), right: right.clone().into() })),
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            [one] => {
+                let mut file_args = args.to_vec();
+                file_args.remove(1);
+                let position = cli::parse(&file_args, cwd).map_err(IdeError::invalid)?.position;
+                Some(position_launch(path_launch(one.clone()), position))
             }
-            // One file is no pair: open it like any path.
-            [one] => Some(CliLaunch::Path(one.clone())),
-            // `openidea diff` with no files: like starting without arguments.
             [] => None,
-        };
+        });
     }
-    cli_path(args, cwd).map(CliLaunch::Path)
-}
-
-/// The file paths of a `diff` subcommand (everything after it that is not a flag or a flag's
-/// value), resolved against `cwd`.
-fn cli_diff_paths(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-    let mut paths = Vec::new();
-    let mut rest = args.iter().skip(2);
-    while let Some(a) = rest.next() {
-        if VALUE_FLAGS.contains(&a.as_str()) {
-            rest.next();
-            continue;
-        }
-        if a.starts_with('-') || a.is_empty() {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let p = PathBuf::from(a);
-        paths.push(if p.is_absolute() { p } else { cwd.join(p) });
-    }
-    paths
-}
-
-/// `--line <n>` and `--column <n>` (1-based, also as `--line=<n>`) as a 0-based position;
-/// without `--line` there is none, without `--column` it is the line's start.
-pub fn cli_position(args: &[String]) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-    let value = |flag: &str| {
-        let prefix = format!("{flag}=");
-        args.iter().enumerate().skip(1).find_map(|(i, a)| match a.strip_prefix(&prefix) {
-            Some(v) => Some(v.to_owned()),
-            None if a == flag => args.get(i + 1).cloned(),
-            None => None,
-        })
+    let request = cli::parse(args, cwd).map_err(IdeError::invalid)?;
+    let canonical = |path: &Path| {
+        dunce::canonicalize(path).map_err(|e| IdeError::invalid(format!("Cannot open {}: {e}", path.display())))
     };
-    let number = |flag: &str| value(flag).and_then(|v| v.trim().parse::<u32>().ok());
-    let line = number("--line")?;
-    Some((line.saturating_sub(1), number("--column").unwrap_or(1).saturating_sub(1)))
+    let launch = if let Some(file) = request.file {
+        let file = canonical(&file)?;
+        if !file.is_file() {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("--file must name an existing file"));
+        }
+        let project = request.path.map(|p| canonical(&p)).transpose()?;
+        if project.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| !p.is_dir()) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("The positional path before --file must be a project folder"));
+        }
+        if project.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| wsl_launch(p).is_some()) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("External file locations require a local project folder"));
+        }
+        path_launch_of(project, vec![file])
+    } else if let Some(path) = request.path {
+        path_launch(canonical(&path)?)
+    } else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    Ok(Some(position_launch(launch, request.position)))
 }
 
-/// Remembers the command line's `--line` / `--column` for `path` (a file) before it is opened.
-pub fn remember_cli_position(windows: &WindowsState, args: &[String], path: &Path) {
-    if let Some(position) = cli_position(args)
-        && !path.is_dir()
-    {
-        windows.set_position(path, position);
+fn position_launch(mut launch: Launch, position: Option<(u32, u32)>) -> Launch {
+    if let (Some((line, column)), Some(file)) = (position, launch.files.first()) {
+        launch.positions.push(FilePosition { path: file.clone(), line, column });
     }
+    launch
+}
+
+/// CLI failures also need to be visible before the webview has subscribed to notifications.
+pub fn report_cli_error(app: &AppHandle, error: IdeError) {
+    use tauri_plugin_dialog::DialogExt;
+    tracing::warn!("external open failed: {}", error.message);
+    app.dialog()
+        .message(error.message)
+        .title("OpenIDEA")
+        .kind(tauri_plugin_dialog::MessageDialogKind::Error)
+        .show(|_| {});
 }
 
 pub fn focus(window: &WebviewWindow) {
@@ -523,7 +528,11 @@ pub fn find_project_window(app: &AppHandle, root: &Path) -> Option<WebviewWindow
 
 /// Hands `files` to the already loaded `window` (its frontend takes them on [`LAUNCH_EVENT`]) and focuses it.
 fn send_files(app: &AppHandle, window: &WebviewWindow, files: Vec<PathBuf>) {
-    app.state::<WindowsState>().add_files(window.label(), files);
+    send_files_at(app, window, files, &[]);
+}
+
+fn send_files_at(app: &AppHandle, window: &WebviewWindow, files: Vec<PathBuf>, positions: &[FilePosition]) {
+    app.state::<WindowsState>().add_files_at(window.label(), files, positions);
     let _ = app.emit_to(window.label(), LAUNCH_EVENT, ());
     focus(window);
 }
@@ -759,12 +768,22 @@ pub fn spawn_window(app: &AppHandle, project: Option<PathBuf>) {
 }
 
 fn spawn_window_with(app: &AppHandle, project: Option<PathBuf>, files: Vec<PathBuf>) {
+    let title = project.as_deref().or(files.first().map(PathBuf::as_path)).and_then(Path::file_name);
+    let title = title.map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+    let _ = open_launch_window(app, title, path_launch_of(project, files), false);
+}
+
+fn open_launch_window(app: &AppHandle, title: Option<String>, launch: Launch, wait: bool) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    if wait {
+        return create_window_for(app, title, launch, false).map(|_| ());
+    }
     let app = app.clone();
     tauri::async_runtime::spawn(async move {
-        if let Err(e) = create_window_with(&app, project, files, false) {
+        if let Err(e) = create_window_for(&app, title, launch, false) {
             tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", e.message);
         }
     });
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// How `open_project_window` satisfied the request.
@@ -819,7 +838,7 @@ pub fn open_file_in_new_window(app: &AppHandle, project: Option<PathBuf>, file:
 }
 
 /// Loose local `files` asked for by window `caller` (File | Open File, a drop on the Welcome
-/// screen), routed like [`open_paths`]; returns the files `caller` opens itself.
+/// screen), routed by [`plan_open`]; returns the files `caller` opens itself.
 pub fn open_files_window(app: &AppHandle, caller: &str, files: Vec<PathBuf>) -> Vec<ide_core::IpcPath> {
     let files = files.into_iter().map(|f| dunce::canonicalize(&f).unwrap_or(f)).collect();
     let (steps, here) = plan_open_files(caller, files, &window_holds(app, Some(caller)));
@@ -900,7 +919,7 @@ fn pending_holds(launch: Option<&Launch>) -> Holds {
     match launch {
         Some(Launch { project: Some(root), .. }) => Holds::Project(root.to_path_buf()),
         Some(Launch { remote: Some(remote), .. }) => Holds::of_remote(remote),
-        Some(l) if !l.files.is_empty() => Holds::LightEdit,
+        Some(l) if !l.files.is_empty() || l.diff.is_some() => Holds::LightEdit,
         _ => Holds::Nothing,
     }
 }
@@ -1048,14 +1067,14 @@ fn resolve(paths: Vec<PathBuf>) -> Vec<(PathBuf, bool)> {
         .collect()
 }
 
-/// Opens `path` from the command line / a second instance; see [`open_paths`].
-pub fn open_path(app: &AppHandle, path: &Path) {
-    open_paths(app, vec![path.to_path_buf()]);
+/// Opens paths from Finder's Open With or the Dock:
+/// see [`plan_open`]; the focused window is the preferred free one.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+pub fn open_paths(app: &AppHandle, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) {
+    open_paths_at(app, paths, &[]);
 }
 
-/// Opens paths from outside the app (a second instance, Finder's Open With, the Dock):
-/// see [`plan_open`]; the focused window is the preferred free one.
-pub fn open_paths(app: &AppHandle, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) {
+fn open_paths_at(app: &AppHandle, paths: Vec<PathBuf>, positions: &[FilePosition]) {
     let (existing, missing): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = paths.into_iter().partition(|path| path.exists());
     if !missing.is_empty() {
         let paths = missing.iter().map(|path| path.display().to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n");
@@ -1066,7 +1085,11 @@ pub fn open_paths(app: &AppHandle, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) {
         });
     }
     let preferred = target_window(app).map(|w| w.label().to_owned());
-    run_open(app, plan_open(resolve(existing), &window_holds(app, preferred.as_deref())));
+    if let Err(error) =
+        run_open_at(app, plan_open(resolve(existing), &window_holds(app, preferred.as_deref())), positions, false)
+    {
+        tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", error.message);
+    }
 }
 
 /// What each window holds, `preferred` first.
@@ -1079,13 +1102,25 @@ fn window_holds(app: &AppHandle, preferred: Option<&str>) -> Vec<(String, Holds)
     labels.into_iter().map(|l| (l.clone(), holds(app, &l))).collect()
 }
 
-/// [`open_paths`] while the app is starting, before the `main` window exists: it takes them as its launch.
+/// Opens external paths while the app is starting, before `main` exists: it takes them as its launch.
 pub fn open_paths_at_launch(app: &AppHandle, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) {
     let main = pending_holds(app.state::<WindowsState>().pending(MAIN).as_ref());
     run_open(app, plan_open(resolve(paths), &[(MAIN.to_owned(), main)]));
 }
 
 fn run_open(app: &AppHandle, steps: Vec<OpenStep>) {
+    if let Err(error) = run_open_at(app, steps, &[], false) {
+        tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", error.message);
+    }
+}
+
+/// CLI workers wait for new windows so the next request can route to them.
+pub(crate) fn run_open_at(
+    app: &AppHandle,
+    steps: Vec<OpenStep>,
+    positions: &[FilePosition],
+    wait_for_window: bool,
+) -> IdeResult<()> {
     let windows = app.state::<WindowsState>();
     for step in steps {
         match step {
@@ -1095,30 +1130,32 @@ fn run_open(app: &AppHandle, steps: Vec<OpenStep>) {
                 }
             }
             OpenStep::Files(label, files) => match app.get_webview_window(&label) {
-                Some(w) => send_files(app, &w, files),
-                None => windows.add_files(&label, files),
+                Some(w) => send_files_at(app, &w, files, positions),
+                None => windows.add_files_at(&label, files, positions),
             },
-            OpenStep::Launch(label, launch) => {
+            OpenStep::Launch(label, mut launch) => {
+                launch.add_positions(positions);
                 windows.set_launch(&label, launch);
                 if let Some(w) = app.get_webview_window(&label) {
                     let _ = app.emit_to(&label, LAUNCH_EVENT, ());
                     focus(&w);
                 }
             }
-            OpenStep::New(project, files) => spawn_window_with(app, project, files),
+            OpenStep::New(project, files) => {
+                let title = project.as_deref().or(files.first().map(PathBuf::as_path)).and_then(Path::file_name);
+                let title = title.map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+                let mut launch = path_launch_of(project, files);
+                launch.add_positions(positions);
+                open_launch_window(app, title, launch, wait_for_window)?;
+            }
             OpenStep::NewRemote(remote) => {
-                let app = app.clone();
-                // Off the event-loop thread, like `spawn_window`.
-                tauri::async_runtime::spawn(async move {
-                    let title = remote.path.trim_end_matches('/').rsplit('/').next().map(str::to_owned);
-                    let launch = Launch { remote: Some(remote), ..Default::default() };
-                    if let Err(e) = create_window_for(&app, title, launch, false) {
-                        tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", e.message);
-                    }
-                });
+                let title = remote.path.trim_end_matches('/').rsplit('/').next().map(str::to_owned);
+                let launch = Launch { remote: Some(remote), ..Default::default() };
+                open_launch_window(app, title, launch, wait_for_window)?;
             }
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Local files and folders of the URLs macOS asks the app to open (Finder's Open With, the Dock).
@@ -1147,6 +1184,12 @@ fn launch_for(path: PathBuf, is_dir: bool) -> Launch {
 
 /// Second instance launched: focus this one and open its path argument.
 pub fn on_second_instance(app: &AppHandle, args: Vec<String>, cwd: String) {
+    if app.state::<WindowsState>().cli.lock().push(args, cwd) {
+        drain_cli(app);
+    }
+}
+
+fn dispatch_cli(app: &AppHandle, args: Vec<String>, cwd: String) {
     if args.iter().any(|arg| arg == crate::jump_list::OPEN_RECENT_ARG)
         && let Some(path) = cli_path(&args, Path::new(&cwd)).filter(|path| path.exists())
     {
@@ -1167,12 +1210,21 @@ pub fn on_second_instance(app: &AppHandle, args: Vec<String>, cwd: String) {
         }
     }
     match cli_launch(&args, Path::new(&cwd)) {
-        Some(CliLaunch::Diff(diff)) => open_diff_files(app, diff),
-        Some(CliLaunch::Path(path)) => {
-            remember_cli_position(&app.state::<WindowsState>(), &args, &path);
-            open_path(app, &path)
+        Ok(Some(Launch { diff: Some(diff), .. })) => {
+            if let Err(error) = open_diff_files_at(app, *diff, true) {
+                report_cli_error(app, error);
+            }
         }
-        None => focus_any(app),
+        Ok(Some(launch)) => {
+            let preferred = target_window(app).map(|w| w.label().to_owned());
+            let positions = launch.positions.clone();
+            let plan = plan_cli_launch(launch, &window_holds(app, preferred.as_deref()));
+            if let Err(error) = run_open_at(app, plan, &positions, true) {
+                report_cli_error(app, error);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(None) => focus_any(app),
+        Err(error) => report_cli_error(app, error),
     }
 }
 
@@ -1185,48 +1237,110 @@ fn focus_any(app: &AppHandle) {
     }
 }
 
-/// Opens what the `openidea` command asked for, like [`open_paths`]; files open at their
-/// 1-based line and column. Without targets, focuses a window.
+/// Opens the installed command's targets, carrying each file's position with its launch.
 pub fn open_targets(app: &AppHandle, targets: Vec<ide_cli::Target>) {
     if targets.is_empty() {
         return focus_any(app);
     }
-    let windows = app.state::<WindowsState>();
-    let paths = targets
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|t| {
-            if let Some(line) = t.line
-                && !t.path.is_dir()
-            {
-                windows.set_position(&t.path, (line.saturating_sub(1), t.column.map_or(0, |c| c.saturating_sub(1))));
-            }
-            t.path
-        })
-        .collect();
-    open_paths(app, paths);
+    let positions = target_positions(&targets);
+    open_paths_at(app, targets.into_iter().map(|t| t.path).collect(), &positions);
 }
 
-/// `openidea diff a.txt b.txt` while the app is running: hands the pair to the window the user is
-/// looking at (a project window, never an auxiliary one), else opens a new window for it.
+fn target_positions(targets: &[ide_cli::Target]) -> Vec<FilePosition> {
+    targets
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|t| {
+            let line = t.line?;
+            if t.path.is_dir() {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let path = dunce::canonicalize(&t.path).unwrap_or_else(|_| t.path.clone());
+            Some(FilePosition {
+                path: path.into(),
+                line: line.saturating_sub(1),
+                column: t.column.map_or(0, |c| c.saturating_sub(1)),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Opens the command's local diff pair in a local project window, never an auxiliary or remote window.
 pub(crate) fn open_diff_files(app: &AppHandle, diff: DiffFilesLaunch) {
-    let launch = Launch { diff: Some(Box::new(diff)), ..Default::default() };
-    let target = target_window(app)
-        .filter(|window| auxiliary_parent(window.label()).is_none())
-        .or_else(|| project_window_labels(app).into_iter().find_map(|label| app.get_webview_window(&label)));
+    if let Err(error) = open_diff_files_at(app, diff, false) {
+        tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", error.message);
+    }
+}
+
+fn open_diff_files_at(app: &AppHandle, diff: DiffFilesLaunch, wait_for_window: bool) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let local = |window: &WebviewWindow| {
+        auxiliary_parent(window.label()).is_none()
+            && matches!(holds(app, window.label()), Holds::Nothing | Holds::Project(_) | Holds::LightEdit)
+    };
+    let target = target_window(app).filter(local).or_else(|| {
+        project_window_labels(app).into_iter().filter_map(|label| app.get_webview_window(&label)).find(local)
+    });
     if let Some(window) = target {
-        app.state::<WindowsState>().set_launch(window.label(), launch);
+        app.state::<WindowsState>().add_diff(window.label(), diff);
         let _ = app.emit_to(window.label(), LAUNCH_EVENT, ());
         focus(&window);
+        Ok(())
     } else {
-        let app = app.clone();
-        tauri::async_runtime::spawn(async move {
-            if let Err(e) = create_window_for(&app, None, launch, false) {
-                tracing::warn!("cannot open window: {}", e.message);
-            }
-        });
+        let launch = Launch { diff: Some(Box::new(diff)), ..Default::default() };
+        open_launch_window(app, None, launch, wait_for_window)
     }
 }
 
+/// An explicit project owns the requested files, including sources outside its root.
+fn plan_cli_launch(launch: Launch, windows: &[(String, Holds)]) -> Vec<OpenStep> {
+    let files: Vec<_> = launch.files.into_iter().map(|f| f.0).collect();
+    let Some(project) = launch.project else {
+        if let Some(remote) = launch.remote {
+            return vec![match windows.iter().find(|(_, h)| h.is_wsl_folder(&remote)) {
+                Some((label, _)) => OpenStep::Focus(label.clone()),
+                None => match windows.iter().find(|(_, h)| *h == Holds::Nothing) {
+                    Some((label, _)) => {
+                        OpenStep::Launch(label.clone(), Launch { remote: Some(remote), ..Default::default() })
+                    }
+                    None => OpenStep::NewRemote(remote),
+                },
+            }];
+        }
+        return plan_open(files.into_iter().map(|f| (f, false)).collect(), windows);
+    };
+    plan_open(vec![(project.0, true)], windows)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|step| match step {
+            OpenStep::Focus(label) if !files.is_empty() => OpenStep::Files(label, files.clone()),
+            OpenStep::Launch(label, mut pending) => {
+                pending.files.extend(files.iter().cloned().map(Into::into));
+                OpenStep::Launch(label, pending)
+            }
+            OpenStep::New(root, _) => OpenStep::New(root, files.clone()),
+            step => step,
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Drain requests received while plugins and the first window were being initialized.
+pub fn ready_for_cli(app: &AppHandle) {
+    if app.state::<WindowsState>().cli.lock().ready() {
+        drain_cli(app);
+    }
+}
+
+fn drain_cli(app: &AppHandle) {
+    let app = app.clone();
+    // Creating a webview must not block the event-loop thread. Finish each creation
+    // before routing the next request so a not-yet-visible window can be reused.
+    tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        loop {
+            let request = app.state::<WindowsState>().cli.lock().next();
+            let Some((args, cwd)) = request else { break };
+            dispatch_cli(&app, args, cwd);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 pub fn cycle(app: &AppHandle, current: &str, forward: bool) {
     let windows = app.webview_windows();
     let sorted = project_window_labels(app);
@@ -1645,46 +1759,89 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn cli_launch_parses_the_diff_subcommand() {
+    fn cli_launch_keeps_diff_pairs_and_single_file_fallback() {
         let cwd = Path::new("/work");
-        // Two paths: a diff pair; relative paths resolve against the cwd.
+        for args in
+            [vec!["openidea", "diff", "a.txt", "b.txt"], vec!["openidea", "diff", "--line", "3", "a.txt", "b.txt"]]
+        {
+            let launch = cli_launch(&s(&args), cwd).unwrap().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                launch.diff,
+                Some(Box::new(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/work/a.txt".into(), right: "/work/b.txt".into() }))
+            );
+            assert!(launch.files.is_empty());
+        }
+        let launch = cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "/abs/my a.txt", "my b.txt"]), cwd).unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
-            cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "a.txt", "b.txt"]), cwd),
-            Some(CliLaunch::Diff(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/work/a.txt".into(), right: "/work/b.txt".into() }))
-        );
-        // Absolute paths stay absolute; a path with spaces is one argument (the shell unquotes it
-        // before the arguments reach us).
-        assert_eq!(
-            cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "/abs/my a.txt", "my b.txt"]), cwd),
-            Some(CliLaunch::Diff(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/abs/my a.txt".into(), right: "/work/my b.txt".into() }))
-        );
-        // Flags and their values are not file paths.
-        assert_eq!(
-            cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "--line", "3", "a.txt", "b.txt"]), cwd),
-            Some(CliLaunch::Diff(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/work/a.txt".into(), right: "/work/b.txt".into() }))
-        );
-        // One file is no pair: it opens like any path.
-        assert_eq!(
-            cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "a.txt"]), cwd),
-            Some(CliLaunch::Path(PathBuf::from("/work/a.txt")))
-        );
-        // No files at all: like starting without arguments.
-        assert_eq!(cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff"]), cwd), None);
-        // Only a leading `diff` is the subcommand; the rest still opens a path.
-        assert_eq!(
-            cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "proj", "diff", "a.txt"]), cwd),
-            Some(CliLaunch::Path(PathBuf::from("/work/proj")))
+            launch.diff,
+            Some(Box::new(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/abs/my a.txt".into(), right: "/work/my b.txt".into() }))
         );
+        let launch = cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff", "a.txt", "--line=3"]), cwd).unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(launch.files, [ide_core::IpcPath::from("/work/a.txt")]);
+        assert_eq!(launch.positions, [FilePosition { path: "/work/a.txt".into(), line: 2, column: 0 }]);
+        assert!(launch.diff.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "diff"]), cwd).unwrap(), None);
+        assert_eq!(cli_path(&s(&["openidea", "proj", "diff", "a.txt"]), cwd), Some(PathBuf::from("/work/proj")));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn cli_position_is_one_based_on_the_command_line() {
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "--line", "120", "--column", "8", "f"])), Some((119, 7)));
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "--line=5", "f"])), Some((4, 0)));
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "--line", "0", "f"])), Some((0, 0)));
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "--column", "8", "f"])), None);
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "--line", "x", "f"])), None);
-        assert_eq!(cli_position(&s(&["openidea", "f"])), None);
+    fn installed_command_positions_follow_canonical_file_paths() {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dunce::canonicalize(temp.path()).unwrap();
+        let first = root.join("first.cs");
+        let second = root.join("second.cs");
+        std::fs::write(&first, "").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(&second, "").unwrap();
+        let targets = vec![
+            ide_cli::Target { path: root.join("./first.cs"), line: Some(12), column: Some(5) },
+            ide_cli::Target { path: second.clone(), line: Some(3), column: None },
+            ide_cli::Target { path: root, line: Some(9), column: Some(2) },
+            ide_cli::Target { path: first.clone(), line: None, column: None },
+        ];
+        let positions = target_positions(&targets);
+        assert_eq!(
+            positions,
+            [
+                FilePosition { path: first.clone().into(), line: 11, column: 4 },
+                FilePosition { path: second.clone().into(), line: 2, column: 0 },
+            ]
+        );
+        let state = WindowsState::default();
+        state.add_files_at("main", vec![first], &positions);
+        state.add_files_at("project-1", vec![second], &positions);
+        assert_eq!(state.take_launch("main").unwrap().positions, positions[..1]);
+        assert_eq!(state.take_launch("project-1").unwrap().positions, positions[1..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn diff_and_file_requests_keep_each_others_pending_data() {
+        let state = WindowsState::default();
+        let diff = DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/a.txt".into(), right: "/b.txt".into() };
+        let position = FilePosition { path: "/project/a.cs".into(), line: 8, column: 2 };
+        for diff_first in [true, false] {
+            state.set_launch("main", path_launch_of(Some(p("/project")), vec![]));
+            if diff_first {
+                state.add_diff("main", diff.clone());
+            }
+            state.add_files_at("main", vec![p("/project/a.cs")], std::slice::from_ref(&position));
+            if !diff_first {
+                state.add_diff("main", diff.clone());
+            }
+            let launch = state.take_launch("main").unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(launch.project, Some("/project".into()));
+            assert_eq!(launch.files, [ide_core::IpcPath::from("/project/a.cs")]);
+            assert_eq!(launch.positions, std::slice::from_ref(&position));
+            assert_eq!(launch.diff, Some(Box::new(diff.clone())));
+            assert_eq!(launch.diff_before_files, diff_first);
+            state.complete_launch("main");
+        }
+        state.add_diff("main", diff.clone());
+        state.add_files_at("main", vec![], &[]);
+        assert!(!state.pending("main").unwrap().diff_before_files);
+        state.add_files_at("main", vec![p("/project/a.cs")], &[]);
+        assert!(state.pending("main").unwrap().diff_before_files);
+        state.add_diff("main", diff);
+        assert!(!state.take_launch("main").unwrap().diff_before_files);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1692,16 +1849,100 @@ mod tests {
         let st = WindowsState::default();
         let file = std::env::current_exe().unwrap();
         let other = std::env::temp_dir().join("openidea-not-opened.txt");
-        st.set_position(&file, (11, 4));
-        st.set_position(&other, (1, 0));
-        st.add_files("main", vec![file.clone()]);
+        st.add_files_at(
+            "main",
+            vec![file.clone()],
+            &[
+                FilePosition { path: file.clone().into(), line: 11, column: 4 },
+                FilePosition { path: other.into(), line: 1, column: 0 },
+            ],
+        );
         let launch = st.take_launch("main").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(launch.positions, vec![FilePosition { path: file.into(), line: 11, column: 4 }]);
         // Taken once: the next launch of that file opens it where it was.
-        st.add_files("main", vec![std::env::current_exe().unwrap()]);
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![std::env::current_exe().unwrap()], &[]);
         assert!(st.take_launch("main").unwrap().positions.is_empty());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn later_positions_replace_an_unconsumed_cold_launch_position() {
+        let st = WindowsState::default();
+        let file = std::env::current_exe().unwrap();
+        st.set_launch(
+            "main",
+            Launch {
+                files: vec![file.clone().into()],
+                positions: vec![FilePosition { path: file.clone().into(), line: 1, column: 0 }],
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![file.clone()], &[FilePosition { path: file.clone().into(), line: 9, column: 3 }]);
+        let launch = st.take_launch("main").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(launch.positions, vec![FilePosition { path: file.into(), line: 9, column: 3 }]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn windows_keep_independent_positions_for_the_same_external_file() {
+        let st = WindowsState::default();
+        let file = std::env::temp_dir().join("shared-package/Type.cs");
+        let first = FilePosition { path: file.clone().into(), line: 11, column: 4 };
+        let second = FilePosition { path: file.clone().into(), line: 33, column: 8 };
+        st.set_launch(
+            "main",
+            Launch {
+                project: Some("/project-a".into()),
+                files: vec![file.clone().into()],
+                positions: vec![first.clone()],
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        st.set_launch("project-1", Launch { project: Some("/project-b".into()), ..Default::default() });
+        st.add_files_at("project-1", vec![file.clone()], std::slice::from_ref(&second));
+        let launch = st.take_launch("main").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(launch.project, Some("/project-a".into()));
+        assert_eq!(launch.positions, vec![first]);
+        let launch = st.take_launch("project-1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(launch.project, Some("/project-b".into()));
+        assert_eq!(launch.positions, vec![second]);
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![file], &[]);
+        assert!(st.take_launch("main").unwrap().positions.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn external_open_has_an_explicit_project_and_validates_paths() {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dunce::canonicalize(temp.path()).unwrap();
+        let project = root.join("Game with spaces");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(project.join("Assets")).unwrap();
+        let file = project.join("Assets/角色.cs");
+        std::fs::write(&file, "class Player {}\n").unwrap();
+        let args = s(&["openidea", project.to_str().unwrap(), "--file", "Assets/角色.cs", "--line=12", "--column=5"]);
+        let launch = cli_launch(&args, &root).unwrap().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(launch.project, Some(project.clone().into()));
+        assert_eq!(launch.files, [ide_core::IpcPath::from(file.clone())]);
+        assert_eq!(launch.positions, [FilePosition { path: file.into(), line: 11, column: 4 }]);
+        assert!(cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "--file", project.to_str().unwrap()]), &root).is_err());
+        assert!(cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "--file", "missing.cs"]), &root).is_err());
+        assert!(cli_launch(&s(&["openidea", "--file", "--line", "2"]), &root).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn explicit_project_routes_external_files_to_the_requested_window() {
+        let project = PathBuf::from("/game");
+        let file = PathBuf::from("/package-cache/Package.cs");
+        let launch = || path_launch_of(Some(project.clone()), vec![file.clone()]);
+        let windows = vec![
+            ("main".into(), Holds::Project(PathBuf::from("/package-cache"))),
+            ("project-1".into(), Holds::Project(project.clone())),
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(plan_cli_launch(launch(), &windows), vec![OpenStep::Files("project-1".into(), vec![file.clone()])]);
+        assert_eq!(plan_cli_launch(launch(), &[]), vec![OpenStep::New(Some(project.clone()), vec![file.clone()])]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            plan_cli_launch(launch(), &[("main".into(), Holds::Nothing)]),
+            vec![OpenStep::Launch("main".into(), launch())]
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn command_line_folders_open_as_projects_and_files_in_light_edit() {
         let dir = std::env::temp_dir();
@@ -1758,7 +1999,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         let st = WindowsState::default();
         st.set_launch("main", cli);
-        st.add_files("main", vec![p("/x/b.txt")]);
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![p("/x/b.txt")], &[]);
         assert_eq!(st.take_launch("main").unwrap().files, [p("/x/a.txt"), p("/x/b.txt")]);
     }
 
@@ -1907,6 +2148,55 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(st.take_launch("project-1"), None);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_taken_launch_owns_its_window_until_completion() {
+        for launch in [
+            path_launch_of(Some(p("/project")), vec![p("/project/a.cs")]),
+            path_launch_of(None, vec![p("/loose/a.cs")]),
+            Launch {
+                diff: Some(Box::new(DiffFilesLaunch { left: "/a.txt".into(), right: "/b.txt".into() })),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Launch {
+                remote: Some(RemoteLaunch {
+                    target: RemoteTarget::Wsl { distro: "Ubuntu".into() },
+                    path: "/project".into(),
+                }),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        ] {
+            let st = WindowsState::default();
+            let expected = pending_holds(Some(&launch));
+            st.set_launch("main", launch.clone());
+            assert_eq!(st.take_launch("main"), Some(launch));
+            assert!(st.take_launch("main").is_none());
+            assert_eq!(pending_holds(st.pending("main").as_ref()), expected);
+            let windows = vec![("main".into(), pending_holds(st.pending("main").as_ref()))];
+            assert_eq!(
+                plan_open(vec![(p("/other-project"), true)], &windows),
+                vec![OpenStep::New(Some(p("/other-project")), vec![])]
+            );
+            st.complete_launch("main");
+            assert_eq!(pending_holds(st.pending("main").as_ref()), Holds::Nothing);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn completing_a_launch_keeps_later_requests_and_forgetting_clears_both() {
+        let st = WindowsState::default();
+        st.set_launch("main", path_launch_of(Some(p("/project")), vec![]));
+        st.take_launch("main").unwrap();
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![p("/project/late.cs")], &[]);
+        assert_eq!(pending_holds(st.pending("main").as_ref()), Holds::Project(p("/project")));
+        st.complete_launch("main");
+        let late = st.take_launch("main").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(late.files, [ide_core::IpcPath::from(p("/project/late.cs"))]);
+        st.add_files_at("main", vec![p("/project/later.cs")], &[]);
+        st.forget("main");
+        assert!(st.pending("main").is_none());
+        assert!(st.take_launch("main").is_none());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn auxiliary_windows_map_to_their_parent() {
         assert_eq!(settings_label("project-2"), "settings-project-2");

src-tauri/src/windows/cli.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! External file-opening arguments, shared by cold and second-instance launches.
+
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+/// Guarded by WindowsState's mutex. One worker drains requests in arrival order.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Queue {
+    requests: VecDeque<(Vec<String>, String)>,
+    ready: bool,
+    running: bool,
+}
+
+impl Queue {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, args: Vec<String>, cwd: String) -> bool {
+        self.requests.push_back((args, cwd));
+        self.start()
+    }
+
+    pub fn ready(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.ready = true;
+        self.start()
+    }
+
+    fn start(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if self.ready && !self.running && !self.requests.is_empty() {
+            self.running = true;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(Vec<String>, String)> {
+        let request = self.requests.pop_front();
+        if request.is_none() {
+            self.running = false;
+        }
+        request
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Request {
+    pub path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub file: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub position: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+}
+
+/// Preserve the application's `diff` subcommand; a non-leading `diff` remains a path.
+pub fn diff_paths(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> Option<Vec<PathBuf>> {
+    if args.get(1).map(String::as_str) != Some("diff") {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut paths = Vec::new();
+    let mut args = args.iter().skip(2);
+    let mut positional = false;
+    while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+        if !positional && arg == "--" {
+            positional = true;
+        } else if !positional && matches!(arg.as_str(), "--line" | "--column") {
+            args.next();
+        } else if !arg.is_empty() && (positional || !arg.starts_with('-')) {
+            paths.push(absolute(cwd, Path::new(arg)));
+        }
+    }
+    Some(paths)
+}
+
+pub fn parse(args: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> Result<Request, String> {
+    let (mut path, mut file, mut line, mut column) = (None, None, None, None);
+    let mut positional = false;
+    let mut args = args.iter().skip(1);
+    while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+        if !positional && arg == "--" {
+            positional = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        let (flag, inline) = arg.split_once('=').map_or((arg.as_str(), None), |(k, v)| (k, Some(v)));
+        if !positional && matches!(flag, "--file" | "--line" | "--column") {
+            let value = inline
+                .or_else(|| args.next().map(String::as_str))
+                .filter(|s| !s.is_empty() && !s.starts_with("--"))
+                .ok_or_else(|| format!("{flag} requires a value"))?;
+            match flag {
+                "--file" => {
+                    if file.replace(PathBuf::from(value)).is_some() {
+                        return Err("--file may only be supplied once".into());
+                    }
+                }
+                "--line" => line = coordinate(flag, value)?,
+                "--column" => column = coordinate(flag, value)?,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        } else if !arg.is_empty() && (positional || (!arg.starts_with('-') && !arg.starts_with("psn_"))) {
+            // Preserve ordinary CLI opening: the first positional path is the target.
+            if path.is_none() {
+                path = Some(absolute(cwd, Path::new(arg)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let base = path.as_deref().filter(|p| p.is_dir()).unwrap_or(cwd);
+    let file = file.map(|p| absolute(base, &p));
+    Ok(Request { path, file, position: line.map(|l| (l - 1, column.unwrap_or(1) - 1)) })
+}
+
+fn absolute(base: &Path, path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    if path.is_absolute() { path.to_owned() } else { base.join(path) }
+}
+
+fn coordinate(flag: &str, value: &str) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
+    // Unity supplies 0/-1 when an asset has no source position.
+    match value.parse::<i64>() {
+        Ok(-1 | 0) => Ok(None),
+        Ok(n @ 1..=4294967295) => Ok(Some(n as u32)),
+        _ => Err(format!("{flag} expects a 1-based position (or 0/-1 for an unknown position)")),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn request(args: &[&str]) -> Result<Request, String> {
+        parse(
+            &std::iter::once("openidea").chain(args.iter().copied()).map(str::to_owned).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            Path::new("/work"),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn diff_paths_keep_flags_out_and_honor_end_of_options() {
+        let args = |tail: &[&str]| {
+            std::iter::once("openidea").chain(tail.iter().copied()).map(str::to_owned).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        };
+        let cwd = Path::new("/work");
+        assert_eq!(
+            diff_paths(&args(&["diff", "--line", "12", "--column=3", "a.txt", "b.txt"]), cwd),
+            Some(vec![cwd.join("a.txt"), cwd.join("b.txt")])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            diff_paths(&args(&["diff", "--", "-a.txt", "-b.txt"]), cwd),
+            Some(vec![cwd.join("-a.txt"), cwd.join("-b.txt")])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(diff_paths(&args(&["--", "diff"]), cwd), None);
+        assert_eq!(diff_paths(&args(&["project", "diff"]), cwd), None);
+        assert_eq!(diff_paths(&args(&["diff"]), cwd), Some(vec![]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn queued_launches_stay_in_order_across_startup_and_later_arrivals() {
+        let mut queue = Queue::default();
+        assert!(!queue.push(vec!["first".into()], "cwd1".into()));
+        assert!(!queue.push(vec!["second".into()], "cwd2".into()));
+        assert!(queue.ready());
+        assert!(!queue.push(vec!["third".into()], "cwd3".into()));
+        assert_eq!(queue.next(), Some((vec!["first".into()], "cwd1".into())));
+        assert_eq!(queue.next(), Some((vec!["second".into()], "cwd2".into())));
+        assert_eq!(queue.next(), Some((vec!["third".into()], "cwd3".into())));
+        assert_eq!(queue.next(), None);
+        assert!(queue.push(vec!["later".into()], "cwd4".into()));
+        assert!(!queue.ready());
+        assert_eq!(queue.next(), Some((vec!["later".into()], "cwd4".into())));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn named_files_positions_and_unicode() {
+        for args in [
+            vec!["--file", "Game Scripts/角色.cs", "--line", "42", "--column", "7"],
+            vec!["--column=7", "--line=42", "--file=Game Scripts/角色.cs"],
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                request(&args).unwrap(),
+                Request {
+                    path: None,
+                    file: Some(PathBuf::from("/work/Game Scripts/角色.cs")),
+                    position: Some((41, 6)),
+                }
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(request(&["--line=5", "file.cs"]).unwrap().position, Some((4, 0)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_positions_and_malformed_flags() {
+        for value in ["0", "-1"] {
+            assert_eq!(request(&["--file", "a.cs", "--line", value, "--column", value]).unwrap().position, None);
+            assert_eq!(request(&["--file", "a.cs", "--line", "5", "--column", value]).unwrap().position, Some((4, 0)));
+        }
+        for args in [
+            vec!["--file"],
+            vec!["--file="],
+            vec!["--file", "--line", "2"],
+            vec!["--line", "bad", "a.cs"],
+            vec!["--line=4294967296", "a.cs"],
+            vec!["--column=-2", "a.cs"],
+            vec!["--file=a.cs", "--file=b.cs"],
+        ] {
+            assert!(request(&args).is_err(), "{args:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn positional_opening_and_end_of_options() {
+        assert_eq!(request(&["--verbose", "proj"]).unwrap().path, Some(PathBuf::from("/work/proj")));
+        assert_eq!(request(&["--", "-notes.txt"]).unwrap().path, Some(PathBuf::from("/work/-notes.txt")));
+        assert_eq!(request(&["-psn_0_123"]).unwrap(), Request::default());
+        assert_eq!(request(&["--column", "7", "a.cs"]).unwrap().position, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn project_relative_file_is_independent_of_invocation_directory() {
+        let project = std::env::temp_dir();
+        let args = vec!["openidea".into(), project.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), "--file=Assets/A.cs".into()];
+        let r = parse(&args, Path::new("/unrelated")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r.path, Some(project.clone()));
+        assert_eq!(r.file, Some(project.join("Assets/A.cs")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn windows_absolute_paths_are_not_prefixed() {
+        for file in [r"D:\Game Scripts\角色.cs", r"\\server\share\Game\A.cs", "D:/Game Scripts/A.cs"] {
+            assert_eq!(request(&["--file", file]).unwrap().file, Some(PathBuf::from(file)));
+        }
+    }
+}

src-tauri/src/windows/single_instance.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//! Receive external file-open requests when the editor has a higher integrity level.
+
+use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult};
+use tauri::AppHandle;
+use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{
+    ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx, FindWindowW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, MSGFLT_ALLOW, WM_COPYDATA,
+};
+
+/// Called after the single-instance plugin creates its receiver and app state is ready.
+pub fn allow_external_launches(app: &AppHandle) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    // tauri-plugin-single-instance names its receiver using the configured identifier,
+    // including the worktree suffix in debug builds. Never change a webview's filter.
+    let identifier = &app.config().identifier;
+    let class: Vec<u16> = format!("{identifier}-sic").encode_utf16().chain(Some(0)).collect();
+    let title: Vec<u16> = format!("{identifier}-siw").encode_utf16().chain(Some(0)).collect();
+    // SAFETY: both strings are NUL-terminated. Check ownership before allowing the
+    // plugin's argument-transfer message on this one window.
+    unsafe {
+        let receiver = FindWindowW(class.as_ptr(), title.as_ptr());
+        if receiver.is_null() {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("Cannot find the single-instance receiver for external editor requests"));
+        }
+        let mut owner = 0;
+        if GetWindowThreadProcessId(receiver, &mut owner) == 0 {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable(format!(
+                "Cannot identify the single-instance receiver: {}",
+                std::io::Error::last_os_error()
+            )));
+        }
+        if owner != std::process::id() {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("The single-instance receiver belongs to another process"));
+        }
+        if ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx(receiver, WM_COPYDATA, MSGFLT_ALLOW, std::ptr::null_mut()) == 0 {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable(format!(
+                "Cannot enable external editor requests: {}. Run Unity and OpenIDEA with the same permissions.",
+                std::io::Error::last_os_error()
+            )));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}