diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/actions.ts b/src/editor/lsp/actions.ts
index 4838348b0..696e50935 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/actions.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/actions.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ import { expressionTypeInfo } from "./typeInfo";
 import { gotoHighlightedUsage, gotoTargets, highlightUsages } from "./navigation";
 import { gotoDiagnostic, showErrorDescription } from "./diagnostics";
 import { applyKindSilently, applyQuickFix, runKindAction, showIntentions } from "./intentions";
-import { implementPythonAbstractMethods } from "./pythonMembers";
+import { docOf } from "./lsp";
+import { languageSemantics } from "./semantic";
 import { workflowSettings, type ActionsOnSaveValid } from "@/platform/workflowSettings";
 import { startRename } from "./rename";
 import { formatDocument, reformatDialog } from "./format";
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ export function registerLspActions(): () => void {
         title: IMPLEMENT_TITLE,
         none: "Nothing to implement",
         label: "Implement Members",
-        fallback: () => implementPythonAbstractMethods(v),
+        fallback: () => languageSemantics(docOf(v)?.language)?.implementMethods?.(v) ?? Promise.resolve(false),
       }),
     ),
     editorAction("code.overrideMethods", "Override Methods…", "Code", (v) =>
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/completion.ts b/src/editor/lsp/completion.ts
index f1e4cd8aa..ce24ff4a9 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/completion.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/completion.ts
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import { editorPrefs } from "@/platform/editorSettings";
 import { tx } from "@/platform/i18n";
 import { showHint } from "./hint";
 import { inplaceRenameActive } from "./inplaceRename";
-import { phpConstructDocumentation } from "./phpConstructs";
+import { languageSemantics } from "./semantic";
 
 interface RequestContext {
   doc: number;
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ async function fallback(ctx: CompletionContext): Promise<CompletionResult | null
 
 export function makeCompletion(item: CompletionItem, req: RequestContext): LspCompletion {
   if (item.kind === "keyword" && isEmptyMarkup(item.documentation)) {
-    const value = phpConstructDocumentation(req.language, item.label);
+    const value = languageSemantics(req.language)?.constructDocumentation?.(item.label);
     if (value) item = { ...item, documentation: { kind: "markdown", value } };
   }
   // The lookup handles commit characters itself (focused lookups only, see `lookupKeys`).
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/hover.ts b/src/editor/lsp/hover.ts
index 3dba332b7..6ef7021e4 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/hover.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/hover.ts
@@ -35,10 +35,15 @@ import { applyCodeAction, quickFixesAt } from "./intentions";
 import { editorPrefs } from "@/platform/editorSettings";
 import { CONTRIBUTED_HOVER, contributedAt, type ContributedHover } from "@/editor/api";
 import { navigationModifierHeld, onNavigationModifier, pointerTarget } from "@/platform/navigationModifier";
-import { phpConstructAt } from "./phpConstructs";
+import { languageSemantics } from "./semantic";
 
 let hoverRequest: RequestId | null = null;
 
+/** Documentation of a language construct (PHP's `empty`) at `pos`, via the language's registration. */
+function constructAt(state: EditorView["state"], pos: number, language: string | null | undefined) {
+  return languageSemantics(language)?.constructAt?.(state, pos) ?? null;
+}
+
 export async function requestHover(view: EditorView, pos: number): Promise<Hover | null> {
   const own = contributedAt<ContributedHover>(view.state, CONTRIBUTED_HOVER, pos);
   if (own) {
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ export async function requestHover(view: EditorView, pos: number): Promise<Hover
   }
   const doc = docOf(view);
   if (!doc) return null;
-  const construct = phpConstructAt(view.state, pos, doc.language);
+  const construct = constructAt(view.state, pos, doc.language);
   if (construct)
     return {
       contents: { kind: "markdown", value: construct.markdown },
@@ -238,7 +243,7 @@ function showDoc(view: EditorView, entry: DocEntry, at: number) {
 }
 
 export function showPhpConstructDocumentation(view: EditorView, pos: number): boolean {
-  const construct = phpConstructAt(view.state, pos, docOf(view)?.language ?? null);
+  const construct = constructAt(view.state, pos, docOf(view)?.language);
   if (!construct) return false;
   showDoc(view, { markup: { kind: "markdown", value: construct.markdown }, language: "PHP" }, construct.from);
   return true;
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ export async function quickDocumentation(view: EditorView) {
         markup: hover.contents,
         language: ctx?.uiMode ?? null,
         source:
-          ctx && !phpConstructAt(view.state, pos, ctx.language)
+          ctx && !constructAt(view.state, pos, ctx.language)
             ? definitionOf(ctx.doc, offsetToPos(view.state.doc, pos))
             : undefined,
       },
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/intentions.ts b/src/editor/lsp/intentions.ts
index 49fcc4c86..dd953e1e3 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/intentions.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/intentions.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { debounce, docOf, isUnavailable, lspRequest, reportLspError } from "./ls
 import { offsetsToRange } from "./positions";
 import { showHint } from "./hint";
 import { formatLines } from "./format";
-import { pythonMemberIntentions } from "./pythonMembers";
+import { languageSemantics } from "./semantic";
 import { caretAnchor, openPopup, type ListPopupItem, type ListPreview } from "./popupStore";
 import { editPreviewLines } from "./workspaceEdit";
 import { featureBackoff } from "./availability";
@@ -694,5 +694,10 @@ class FloatingBulb {
 const floatingBulb = ViewPlugin.fromClass(FloatingBulb);
 
 export function intentionsExtension(): Extension {
-  return [bulbField, bulbPlugin, floatingBulb, intentionProviders.of(pythonMemberIntentions)];
+  return [
+    bulbField,
+    bulbPlugin,
+    floatingBulb,
+    intentionProviders.of((view) => languageSemantics(docOf(view)?.language)?.intentions?.(view) ?? []),
+  ];
 }
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semantic.test.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.test.ts
similarity index 95%
rename from src/editor/lsp/semantic.test.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.test.ts
index 8f2f89c6a..a84769000 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/semantic.test.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.test.ts
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ vi.mock("@/platform/ipc", async (orig) => {
   return { ...actual, isTauri: () => true, commands: { ...actual.commands, lspSemanticTokens } };
 });
 
-const { semanticExtension } = await import("./semantic");
-const { lspDoc } = await import("./lsp");
+const { semanticExtension } = await import("./index");
+const { lspDoc } = await import("../lsp");
 
 const views: EditorView[] = [];
 afterEach(() => {
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semantic.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.ts
similarity index 81%
rename from src/editor/lsp/semantic.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.ts
index e19050eed..c9ed6ce4d 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/semantic.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/index.ts
@@ -8,22 +8,26 @@
  * identifiers): local variables and parameters additionally get
  * `cm-sem-rainbow-<n>`, `n` derived from the name, so one name keeps one
  * colour (`--syn-rainbow-<n>`) throughout the file.
+ *
+ * Language-specific behaviour lives in the `python/` and `php/` folders,
+ * registered into `languages.ts`; everything here is language-agnostic.
  */
 import { syntaxTree } from "@codemirror/language";
 import type { Tree } from "@lezer/common";
-import {
-  pythonSyntaxRanges,
-  pythonFallbackRanges,
-  pythonSymbolClasses,
-  pythonSymbolKinds,
-  type PythonSymbolKind,
-} from "./pythonHighlight";
 import { Prec, StateEffect, StateField, type Extension, type Text } from "@codemirror/state";
 import { Decoration, EditorView, ViewPlugin, type DecorationSet, type ViewUpdate } from "@codemirror/view";
 import { commands, type SemanticTokens } from "@/platform/ipc";
 import { editorPrefs } from "@/platform/editorSettings";
-import { debounce, docOf, isUnavailable, lspRequest } from "./lsp";
-import { featureBackoff, onLspRefresh } from "./availability";
+import { debounce, docOf, isUnavailable, lspRequest } from "../lsp";
+import { featureBackoff, onLspRefresh } from "../availability";
+import { languageSemantics, type SemanticRange } from "./languages";
+
+// Language folders register their semantics by importing this module; lookups
+// elsewhere go through the re-exported `languageSemantics`.
+export { languageSemantics } from "./languages";
+// Registers each language's semantics (highlighting hooks, construct docs).
+import "./python";
+import "./php";
 
 const semanticBackoff = featureBackoff();
 
@@ -89,33 +93,6 @@ export function rainbowIndex(name: string): number {
 /** Locals and parameters only: no fields, statics, constants, library or `self` names. */
 const RAINBOW_TYPES = new Set(["variable", "parameter"]);
 const NOT_LOCAL = new Set(["static", "constant", "defaultLibrary", "global", "classScope", "fileScope"]);
-const PYTHON_VARIABLE_KINDS = new Set<PythonSymbolKind>([
-  "localVariable",
-  "globalVariable",
-  "instanceAttribute",
-  "classAttribute",
-  "constant",
-  "property",
-  "typeParameter",
-  "unusedParameter",
-]);
-const PYTHON_SYMBOL_BASES = new Set([
-  "cm-sem-variable",
-  "cm-sem-global",
-  "cm-sem-property",
-  "cm-sem-constant",
-  "cm-sem-type",
-  "cm-sem-typeParameter",
-  "cm-sem-parameter",
-  "cm-sem-builtin",
-]);
-
-export interface SemanticRange {
-  from: number;
-  to: number;
-  className: string;
-  source?: "pythonSyntax" | "pythonFallback";
-}
 
 function rangeCoverage(ranges: Array<{ from: number; to: number }>) {
   ranges.sort((a, b) => a.from - b.from || a.to - b.to);
@@ -141,8 +118,9 @@ export function semanticRanges(
   language?: string,
   tree?: Tree,
 ): SemanticRange[] {
-  const symbols = language === "python" && tree ? pythonSymbolKinds(tree, doc) : undefined;
-  const syntax = language === "python" && tree ? pythonSyntaxRanges(tree, doc, symbols) : [];
+  const semantics = languageSemantics(language);
+  const symbols = semantics?.symbolKinds && tree ? semantics.symbolKinds(tree, doc) : undefined;
+  const syntax = semantics?.syntaxRanges && tree ? semantics.syntaxRanges(tree, doc, symbols ?? new Map()) : [];
   const covered = rangeCoverage(syntax);
   const serverRanges: Array<{ from: number; to: number }> = [];
   const out: SemanticRange[] = [];
@@ -161,7 +139,7 @@ export function semanticRanges(
     const to = Math.min(from + len, l.to);
     if (from >= to) continue;
     const type = tokenTypes[typeIdx] ?? "";
-    const pythonKind = symbols?.get(`${from}:${to}`);
+    const kind = symbols?.get(`${from}:${to}`);
     const names: string[] = [];
     for (let b = 0; b < tokenModifiers.length; b++) if (mods & (1 << b)) names.push(tokenModifiers[b]!);
     const classes: string[] = [];
@@ -174,22 +152,14 @@ export function semanticRanges(
     if (base && base !== "variable") classes.push(`cm-sem-${base}`);
     // `hasOwn`: servers send names like `constructor` (jdtls) that `Object.prototype` also has.
     for (const n of names) if (Object.hasOwn(MODIFIER_CLASS, n)) classes.push(`cm-sem-${MODIFIER_CLASS[n]}`);
-    if (language === "python" && names.includes("static")) classes.push("cm-sem-python-static");
-    if (language === "python" && type === "method") classes.push("cm-sem-python-method-call");
-    if (language === "python" && names.includes("defaultLibrary")) classes.push("cm-sem-python-builtin");
-    if (pythonKind && PYTHON_VARIABLE_KINDS.has(pythonKind)) {
-      for (let j = classes.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) if (PYTHON_SYMBOL_BASES.has(classes[j]!)) classes.splice(j, 1);
-      classes.push(...pythonSymbolClasses(pythonKind).split(" "));
-    }
+    semantics?.tokenClasses?.({ type, modifiers: names, kind, classes });
     const local =
       rainbow &&
       !constant &&
       !names.includes("selfParameter") &&
       !names.some((n) => NOT_LOCAL.has(n)) &&
-      (language === "python"
-        ? pythonKind
-          ? pythonKind === "localVariable" || pythonKind === "parameter"
-          : type === "parameter"
+      (semantics?.isLocal
+        ? semantics.isLocal({ type, modifiers: names, kind })
         : RAINBOW_TYPES.has(type) && (type === "parameter" || !marksLocals || names.includes("local")));
     serverRanges.push({ from, to });
     if (!classes.length && !local) continue;
@@ -197,15 +167,17 @@ export function semanticRanges(
     if (local) classes.push(`cm-sem-rainbow-${rainbowIndex(doc.sliceString(from, to))}`);
     out.push({ from, to, className: classes.join(" ") });
   }
-  if (language === "python" && tree) {
+  if (semantics?.fallbackRanges && tree) {
     const serverCovered = rangeCoverage(serverRanges);
     out.push(
-      ...pythonFallbackRanges(
-        tree,
-        doc,
-        rainbow ? (name) => `cm-sem-rainbow-${rainbowIndex(name)}` : undefined,
-        symbols,
-      ).filter((r) => !covered(r.from, r.to) && !serverCovered(r.from, r.to)),
+      ...semantics
+        .fallbackRanges(
+          tree,
+          doc,
+          rainbow ? (name) => `cm-sem-rainbow-${rainbowIndex(name)}` : undefined,
+          symbols ?? new Map(),
+        )
+        .filter((r) => !covered(r.from, r.to) && !serverCovered(r.from, r.to)),
     );
   }
   out.push(...syntax);
@@ -213,11 +185,11 @@ export function semanticRanges(
 }
 
 const markCache = new Map<string, Decoration>();
-const markFor = (cls: string, source?: "pythonSyntax" | "pythonFallback", symbol?: string) => {
+const markFor = (cls: string, source?: SemanticRange["source"], symbol?: string) => {
   if (symbol !== undefined) return Decoration.mark({ class: cls, symbol });
   const key = `${source ?? "semantic"}:${cls}`;
   let m = markCache.get(key);
-  if (!m) markCache.set(key, (m = Decoration.mark({ class: cls, pythonSyntax: source !== undefined })));
+  if (!m) markCache.set(key, (m = Decoration.mark({ class: cls, languageSyntax: source !== undefined })));
   return m;
 };
 
@@ -270,15 +242,15 @@ const semanticPlugin = ViewPlugin.fromClass(
     }
     refreshSyntax(doc: Text) {
       const tree = syntaxTree(this.view.state);
-      const python = docOf(this.view)?.language === "python";
-      const symbols = python ? pythonSymbolKinds(tree, doc) : undefined;
-      const syntax = python ? pythonSyntaxRanges(tree, doc, symbols) : [];
+      const semantics = languageSemantics(docOf(this.view)?.language);
+      const symbols = semantics?.symbolKinds ? semantics.symbolKinds(tree, doc) : undefined;
+      const syntax = semantics?.syntaxRanges ? semantics.syntaxRanges(tree, doc, symbols ?? new Map()) : [];
       const covered = rangeCoverage(syntax);
       const retained: Array<{ from: number; to: number }> = [];
       const marks = syntax.map((r) => markFor(r.className, r.source).range(r.from, r.to));
       this.view.state.field(semanticField).between(0, doc.length, (from, to, decoration) => {
         if (
-          !decoration.spec.pythonSyntax &&
+          !decoration.spec.languageSyntax &&
           !covered(from, to) &&
           decoration.spec.symbol === doc.sliceString(from, to)
         ) {
@@ -286,13 +258,13 @@ const semanticPlugin = ViewPlugin.fromClass(
           retained.push({ from, to });
         }
       });
-      if (docOf(this.view)?.language === "python") {
+      if (semantics?.fallbackRanges) {
         const retainedCovered = rangeCoverage(retained);
-        for (const r of pythonFallbackRanges(
+        for (const r of semantics.fallbackRanges(
           tree,
           doc,
           this.rainbow ? (name) => `cm-sem-rainbow-${rainbowIndex(name)}` : undefined,
-          symbols,
+          symbols ?? new Map(),
         ))
           if (!covered(r.from, r.to) && !retainedCovered(r.from, r.to))
             marks.push(markFor(r.className, r.source).range(r.from, r.to));
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semantic/languages.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/languages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1808442ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/languages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Per-language semantics behind `lsp/semantic`: each language folder
+ * (`python/`, `php/`) registers a provider here, and feature code looks it up
+ * by the document's language instead of branching on language names.
+ */
+import type { EditorState, Text } from "@codemirror/state";
+import type { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
+import type { Tree } from "@lezer/common";
+import type { ContributedIntention } from "@/editor/api";
+
+/** One decorated range; `source` says which parse-tree pass produced it. */
+export interface SemanticRange {
+  from: number;
+  to: number;
+  className: string;
+  source?: "syntax" | "fallback";
+}
+
+/** A server token, with the classes the generic mapping already produced. */
+export interface SemanticToken {
+  type: string;
+  modifiers: readonly string[];
+  /** Kind from the language's own `symbolKinds` classification, when present. */
+  kind: string | undefined;
+  /** Classes accumulated so far; the hook appends or removes. */
+  classes: string[];
+}
+
+/** Documentation of a language construct that has no source declaration. */
+export interface ConstructDoc {
+  from: number;
+  to: number;
+  markdown: string;
+}
+
+export interface LanguageSemantics {
+  /** Classifies identifiers from the parse tree (`"from:to"` → kind). */
+  symbolKinds?(tree: Tree, doc: Text): Map<string, string>;
+  /** Parse-tree ranges styling what the LSP tokens do not cover. */
+  syntaxRanges?(tree: Tree, doc: Text, symbols: Map<string, string>): SemanticRange[];
+  /** Fast local guesses shown while the server is pending. */
+  fallbackRanges?(
+    tree: Tree,
+    doc: Text,
+    rainbow: ((name: string) => string) | undefined,
+    symbols: Map<string, string>,
+  ): SemanticRange[];
+  /** Extra classes for a server token, on top of the generic ones. */
+  tokenClasses?(token: SemanticToken): void;
+  /** Whether a server token counts as a local for rainbow colouring; default: the generic rule. */
+  isLocal?(token: Pick<SemanticToken, "type" | "modifiers" | "kind">): boolean;
+  /** Documentation of the language construct called at `pos`, if there is one. */
+  constructAt?(state: EditorState, pos: number): ConstructDoc | null;
+  /** Construct documentation by name (completion item detail). */
+  constructDocumentation?(name: string): string | null;
+  /** Bulb intentions contributed on this language's documents. */
+  intentions?(view: EditorView): ContributedIntention[];
+  /** Fallback for the Implement Methods action when the server offers no code action. */
+  implementMethods?(view: EditorView): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+const registry: Record<string, LanguageSemantics> = {};
+
+export function registerLanguageSemantics(languages: string | readonly string[], semantics: LanguageSemantics): void {
+  for (const language of typeof languages === "string" ? [languages] : languages) {
+    const id = language.toLowerCase();
+    registry[id] = { ...registry[id], ...semantics };
+  }
+}
+
+export function languageSemantics(language: string | null | undefined): LanguageSemantics | undefined {
+  return language ? registry[language.toLowerCase()] : undefined;
+}
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/phpConstructs.test.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/constructs.test.ts
similarity index 90%
rename from src/editor/lsp/phpConstructs.test.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/constructs.test.ts
index a51aa6b0b..59675e5d2 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/phpConstructs.test.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/constructs.test.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { EditorState } from "@codemirror/state";
 import { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
 import { languages } from "@codemirror/language-data";
-import { phpConstructAt, phpConstructDocumentation } from "./phpConstructs";
-import { lspDoc } from "./lsp";
-import { quickDefinition, requestHover } from "./hover";
-import { gotoTargets } from "./navigation";
-import { closePopup, useLspPopup } from "./popupStore";
+import { phpConstructAt, phpConstructDocumentation } from "./constructs";
+import { lspDoc } from "../../lsp";
+import { quickDefinition, requestHover } from "../../hover";
+import { gotoTargets } from "../../navigation";
+import { closePopup, useLspPopup } from "../../popupStore";
 
 const php = await languages.find((l) => l.name === "PHP")!.load();
 const views: EditorView[] = [];
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/phpConstructs.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/constructs.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from src/editor/lsp/phpConstructs.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/constructs.ts
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/index.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5ce459f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/php/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * PHP: no semantic-token extras, but its language constructs (`empty`, `isset`)
+ * have no source declaration, so hover and completion get their documentation
+ * from here.
+ */
+import type { LanguageSemantics } from "../languages";
+import { registerLanguageSemantics } from "../languages";
+import { phpConstructAt, phpConstructDocumentation } from "./constructs";
+
+const phpSemantics: LanguageSemantics = {
+  constructAt: (state, pos) => phpConstructAt(state, pos, "php"),
+  constructDocumentation: (name) => phpConstructDocumentation("php", name),
+};
+
+registerLanguageSemantics("php", phpSemantics);
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.test.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.test.ts
similarity index 98%
rename from src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.test.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.test.ts
index a47830b7a..49f9d645a 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.test.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { EditorState } from "@codemirror/state";
 import { ensureSyntaxTree, syntaxTree } from "@codemirror/language";
-import { findLanguageDescription, loadSupport } from "../core/cm/languages";
-import { pythonSyntaxRanges, pythonFallbackRanges, pythonSymbolKinds } from "./pythonHighlight";
-import { semanticRanges } from "./semantic";
+import { findLanguageDescription, loadSupport } from "../../../core/cm/languages";
+import { pythonSyntaxRanges, pythonFallbackRanges, pythonSymbolKinds } from "./highlight";
+import { semanticRanges } from "../index";
 
 async function parse(source: string) {
   const support = await loadSupport(findLanguageDescription("Python", "demo.py")!);
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.ts
similarity index 98%
rename from src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.ts
index 1892c10c9..c2269bd35 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/pythonHighlight.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/highlight.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 import type { SyntaxNode, Tree } from "@lezer/common";
 import type { Text } from "@codemirror/state";
-
-interface PythonRange {
-  from: number;
-  to: number;
-  className: string;
-  source: "pythonSyntax" | "pythonFallback";
-}
+import type { SemanticRange } from "../languages";
 
 export type PythonSymbolKind =
   | "function"
@@ -478,8 +472,8 @@ export function pythonSyntaxRanges(
   tree: Tree,
   doc: Text,
   symbols: Map<string, PythonSymbolKind> = pythonSymbolKinds(tree, doc),
-): PythonRange[] {
-  const ranges: PythonRange[] = [];
+): SemanticRange[] {
+  const ranges: SemanticRange[] = [];
   tree.iterate({
     enter(cursor) {
       const node = cursor.node;
@@ -505,10 +499,10 @@ export function pythonSyntaxRanges(
         let from = node.from;
         for (let child = node.firstChild; child; child = child.nextSibling) {
           if (child.name !== "FormatReplacement") continue;
-          if (child.from > from) ranges.push({ from, to: child.from, className, source: "pythonSyntax" });
+          if (child.from > from) ranges.push({ from, to: child.from, className, source: "syntax" });
           from = child.to;
         }
-        if (from < node.to) ranges.push({ from, to: node.to, className, source: "pythonSyntax" });
+        if (from < node.to) ranges.push({ from, to: node.to, className, source: "syntax" });
         return;
       }
       const text = doc.sliceString(node.from, node.to);
@@ -555,7 +549,7 @@ export function pythonSyntaxRanges(
       } else if (node.name === "Escape") style = "python-escape";
       else if (node.name === "type" && node.parent?.name === "TypeDefinition") style = "keyword";
       if (style) className = `cm-sem-${style}`;
-      if (className) ranges.push({ from: node.from, to: node.to, className, source: "pythonSyntax" });
+      if (className) ranges.push({ from: node.from, to: node.to, className, source: "syntax" });
       if (style === "python-docstring") return false;
     },
   });
@@ -574,8 +568,8 @@ export function pythonFallbackRanges(
   doc: Text,
   rainbow?: (name: string) => string,
   symbols: Map<string, PythonSymbolKind> = pythonSymbolKinds(tree, doc),
-): PythonRange[] {
-  const ranges: PythonRange[] = [];
+): SemanticRange[] {
+  const ranges: SemanticRange[] = [];
   tree.iterate({
     enter(cursor) {
       const node = cursor.node;
@@ -592,7 +586,7 @@ export function pythonFallbackRanges(
         className:
           pythonSymbolClasses(kind) +
           (local && rainbow && name !== "self" && name !== "cls" ? ` ${rainbow(name)}` : ""),
-        source: "pythonFallback",
+        source: "fallback",
       });
     },
   });
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/index.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7e01453b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * Python's semantic highlighting beyond the LSP tokens (PyCharm's category
+ * colours): symbol kinds from the parse tree, syntax ranges the server never
+ * reports, and fallbacks while the server is pending.
+ */
+import type { LanguageSemantics } from "../languages";
+import { registerLanguageSemantics } from "../languages";
+import {
+  pythonFallbackRanges,
+  pythonSymbolClasses,
+  pythonSymbolKinds,
+  pythonSyntaxRanges,
+  type PythonSymbolKind,
+} from "./highlight";
+import { implementPythonAbstractMethods, pythonMemberIntentions } from "./members";
+
+/** Server tokens these kinds override: the kind's own classes replace the generic ones. */
+const VARIABLE_KINDS = new Set<PythonSymbolKind>([
+  "localVariable",
+  "globalVariable",
+  "instanceAttribute",
+  "classAttribute",
+  "constant",
+  "property",
+  "typeParameter",
+  "unusedParameter",
+]);
+const SYMBOL_BASES = new Set([
+  "cm-sem-variable",
+  "cm-sem-global",
+  "cm-sem-property",
+  "cm-sem-constant",
+  "cm-sem-type",
+  "cm-sem-typeParameter",
+  "cm-sem-parameter",
+  "cm-sem-builtin",
+]);
+
+const pythonSemantics: LanguageSemantics = {
+  symbolKinds: pythonSymbolKinds,
+  syntaxRanges: (tree, doc, symbols) => pythonSyntaxRanges(tree, doc, symbols as Map<string, PythonSymbolKind>),
+  fallbackRanges: (tree, doc, rainbow, symbols) =>
+    pythonFallbackRanges(tree, doc, rainbow, symbols as Map<string, PythonSymbolKind>),
+  tokenClasses({ type, modifiers, kind, classes }) {
+    if (modifiers.includes("static")) classes.push("cm-sem-python-static");
+    if (type === "method") classes.push("cm-sem-python-method-call");
+    if (modifiers.includes("defaultLibrary")) classes.push("cm-sem-python-builtin");
+    if (kind && VARIABLE_KINDS.has(kind as PythonSymbolKind)) {
+      for (let j = classes.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) if (SYMBOL_BASES.has(classes[j]!)) classes.splice(j, 1);
+      classes.push(...pythonSymbolClasses(kind as PythonSymbolKind).split(" "));
+    }
+  },
+  isLocal: ({ type, kind }) => (kind ? kind === "localVariable" || kind === "parameter" : type === "parameter"),
+  intentions: pythonMemberIntentions,
+  implementMethods: implementPythonAbstractMethods,
+};
+
+registerLanguageSemantics("python", pythonSemantics);
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.test.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.test.ts
similarity index 96%
rename from src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.test.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.test.ts
index df4a8f11f..7ddf3996e 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.test.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
-import { classMembers, enclosingClass, memberStubs } from "./pythonMembers";
+import { classMembers, enclosingClass, memberStubs } from "./members";
 
 const src = `from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.ts
similarity index 97%
rename from src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.ts
index 1402c2d02..5ac0afd33 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/pythonMembers.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/python/members.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import { indentUnit } from "@codemirror/language";
 import type { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
 import { commands } from "@/platform/ipc";
 import type { ContributedIntention } from "@/editor/api";
-import { docOf, lspRequest, reportLspError } from "./lsp";
-import { offsetToPos } from "./positions";
-import { readFileLines } from "./files";
-import { showHint } from "./hint";
+import { docOf, lspRequest, reportLspError } from "../../lsp";
+import { offsetToPos } from "../../positions";
+import { readFileLines } from "../../files";
+import { showHint } from "../../hint";
 
 const CLASS_HEADER = /^(\s*)class\s+\w+\s*\((.*)\)\s*:/;
 const CLASS = /^\s*class\s/;
diff --git a/src/editor/lsp/semanticTyping.test.ts b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/typing.test.ts
similarity index 92%
rename from src/editor/lsp/semanticTyping.test.ts
rename to src/editor/lsp/semantic/typing.test.ts
index 9d4fc85db..d026eec7c 100644
--- a/src/editor/lsp/semanticTyping.test.ts
+++ b/src/editor/lsp/semantic/typing.test.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { EditorState } from "@codemirror/state";
 import { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
-import { findLanguageDescription, loadSupport } from "../core/cm/languages";
+import { findLanguageDescription, loadSupport } from "../../core/cm/languages";
 import type { SemanticTokens } from "@/platform/ipc";
 import type { EditorDocContext } from "@/editor/api";
-import { lspDoc } from "./lsp";
-import { semanticExtension } from "./semantic";
+import { lspDoc } from "../lsp";
+import { semanticExtension } from "./index";
 
 const requests = vi.hoisted(() => [] as Array<(tokens: SemanticTokens) => void>);
-vi.mock("./lsp", async (importOriginal) => ({
-  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./lsp")>()),
+vi.mock("../lsp", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("../lsp")>()),
   lspRequest: () => new Promise<SemanticTokens>((resolve) => requests.push(resolve)),
 }));
-vi.mock("./availability", () => ({
+vi.mock("../availability", () => ({
   featureBackoff: () => ({ active: () => false, mark: () => {} }),
   onLspRefresh: () => () => {},
 }));